--- title: Joshua 8:29 — And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his carcass down from the tree, and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised thereon a great heap of stones, unto this day. Who acts: Joshua, king. Joshua 8: --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.29/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / 8:29 # Joshua 8:29 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, king · **What happens:** hang, command, take down, cast, raise · **To what, where:** tree, going, carcass, entrance, great heap · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 8:29 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, king — and what happens in the verse to tree, going, carcass, entrance, great heap, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶת־מֶ֧לֶךְ הָעַ֛י תָּלָ֥ה עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ עַד־עֵ֣ת הָעָ֑רֶב וּכְב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּרִ֧ידוּ אֶת־נִבְלָת֣וֹ מִן־הָעֵ֗ץ וַיַּשְׁלִ֤יכוּ אוֹתָהּ֙ אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וַיָּקִ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ גַּל־אֲבָנִ֣ים גָּד֔וֹל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃פ [And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his carcass down from the tree, and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised thereon a great heap of stones, unto this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.184/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:179 # text = וְאֶת־מֶ֧לֶךְ הָעַ֛י תָּלָ֥ה עַל־הָעֵ֖ץ עַד־עֵ֣ת הָעָ֑רֶב וּכְב֣וֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֩ צִוָּ֨ה יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּרִ֧ידוּ אֶת־נִבְלָת֣וֹ מִן־הָעֵ֗ץ וַיַּשְׁלִ֤יכוּ אוֹתָהּ֙ אֶל־פֶּ֙תַח֙ שַׁ֣עַר הָעִ֔יר וַיָּקִ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ גַּל־אֲבָנִ֣ים גָּד֔וֹל עַ֖ד הַיּ֥וֹם הַזֶּֽה׃פ # verse = JOS.8.29 1-2 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:29!1|MId=o060080290011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_8:29!1|MId=o060080290012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3 מֶ֧לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obj _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=JOS_8:29!2|MId=o060080290021|Strong=4428 4-5 הָעַ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_8:29!3|MId=o060080290031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עַ֛י עַי PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_8:29!3|MId=o060080290032|Strong=5857 6 תָּלָ֥ה תָּלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.hanged|Ref=JOS_8:29!4|MId=o060080290041|Strong=8518|Frame=A0:060080280021;A1:060080290021;|Type=qatal 7 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=JOS_8:29!5|MId=o060080290051|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הָעֵ֖ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:29!6|MId=o060080290061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עֵ֖ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=tree|Ref=JOS_8:29!6|MId=o060080290062|Strong=6086 10 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_8:29!7|MId=o060080290071|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 11 עֵ֣ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=the.time|Ref=JOS_8:29!8|MId=o060080290081|Strong=6256 12-13 הָעָ֑רֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_8:29!9|MId=o060080290091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 עָ֑רֶב עֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.evening|Ref=JOS_8:29!9|MId=o060080290092|Strong=6153 14-16 וּכְב֣וֹא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:29!10|MId=o060080290101|Strong=2050b 15 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_8:29!10|MId=o060080290102|Strong=3509a 16 ב֣וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 xcomp _ Gloss=as.went|Ref=JOS_8:29!10|MId=o060080290103|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:060080290112;|Type=infinitive_construct 17-18 הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:29!11|MId=o060080290111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 שֶּׁמֶשׁ֩ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=sun|Ref=JOS_8:29!11|MId=o060080290112|Strong=8121 19 צִוָּ֨ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=JOS_8:29!12|MId=o060080290121|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060080290131;|Type=qatal 20 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 19 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_8:29!13|MId=o060080290131|Strong=3091 21-22 וַיֹּרִ֧ידוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:29!14|MId=o060080290141|Strong=2050b 22 יֹּרִ֧ידוּ יָרַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.took.down|Ref=JOS_8:29!14|MId=o060080290142|Strong=3381|Frame=A0:;A1:060080290161;|Type=wayyiqtol 23 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_8:29!15|MId=o060080290151|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 24-25 נִבְלָת֣וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 נִבְלָת נְבֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obj _ Gloss=corpse|Ref=JOS_8:29!16|MId=o060080290161|Strong=5038 25 ֣וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_8:29!16|MId=o060080290162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_8:29!17|MId=o060080290171|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 27-28 הָעֵ֗ץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:29!18|MId=o060080290181|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 עֵ֗ץ עֵץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=tree|Ref=JOS_8:29!18|MId=o060080290182|Strong=6086 29-30 וַיַּשְׁלִ֤יכוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 30 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:29!19|MId=o060080290191|Strong=2050b 30 יַּשְׁלִ֤יכוּ שָׁלַךְ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.threw|Ref=JOS_8:29!19|MId=o060080290192|Strong=7993|Frame=A0:;A1:060080290202;|Type=wayyiqtol 31-32 אוֹתָהּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אוֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_8:29!20|MId=o060080290201|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32 ָהּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=JOS_8:29!20|MId=o060080290202|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_8:29!21|MId=o060080290211|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 34 פֶּ֙תַח֙ פֶּתַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 obl _ Gloss=the.entrance|Ref=JOS_8:29!22|MId=o060080290221|Strong=6607 35 שַׁ֣עַר שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 34 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.gate|Ref=JOS_8:29!23|MId=o060080290231|Strong=8179 36-37 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_8:29!24|MId=o060080290241|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.city|Ref=JOS_8:29!24|MId=o060080290242|Strong=5892 38-39 וַיָּקִ֤ימוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 39 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:29!25|MId=o060080290251|Strong=2050b 39 יָּקִ֤ימוּ קוּם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 conj _ Gloss=they.set.up|Ref=JOS_8:29!25|MId=o060080290252|Strong=6965|Frame=A0:;A1:060080290271;|Type=wayyiqtol 40-41 עָלָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 עָלָי עַל ADP _ _ 41 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=JOS_8:29!26|MId=o060080290261|Strong=5921 41 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=JOS_8:29!26|MId=o060080290262|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 42 גַּל־ גַּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obj _ Gloss=a.heap|Ref=JOS_8:29!27|MId=o060080290271|Strong=1530|SpaceAfter=No 43 אֲבָנִ֣ים אֶבֶן NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 42 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.stones|Ref=JOS_8:29!28|MId=o060080290281|Strong=0068 44 גָּד֔וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 42 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JOS_8:29!29|MId=o060080290291|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 45 עַ֖ד עַד ADP _ _ 47 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=JOS_8:29!30|MId=o060080290301|Strong=5704 46-47 הַיּ֥וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 47 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:29!31|MId=o060080290311|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 47 יּ֥וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 39 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=JOS_8:29!31|MId=o060080290312|Strong=3117 48-49 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 49 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_8:29!32|MId=o060080290321|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 49 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 47 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_8:29!32|MId=o060080290322|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 50 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=JOS_8:29!32|SpaceAfter=No 51 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 49 punct _ Ref=JOS_8:29!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תָּלָה *he hanged* | qatal · qal | | מֶלֶךְ *the king* | | | | בוֹא *as went* | infinitive construct · qal | שֶּׁמֶשׁ *sun* | | | | | צִוָּה *he commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יֹּרִידוּ *they took down* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | נִבְלָת *corpse* | | | | יַּשְׁלִיכוּ *they threw* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | ָהּ *it* | | | | יָּקִימוּ *they set up* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | | גַּל־ *a heap* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַת מַלְכָּא דְעַי צְלַב עַל צְלִיבָא עַד עִידַן רַמְשָׁא וּכְמֵיעַל שִׁמְשָׁא פַּקֵד יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַאֲחִיתוּ יַת נִבְלָתֵיהּ מִן צְלִיבָא וּרְמוֹ יָתֵיהּ בְּמַעֲלָנָא תְּרַע קַרְתָּא וְאַקִימוּ עֲלוֹהִי דְגוֹר אַבְנִין רַב עַד יוֹמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the king of Ai he hanged on a tree until the eventide; and at the going down of the sun Joshua commanded, and they took his carcass down from the tree, and cast it at the entrance of the gate of the city, and raised thereon a great heap of stones, unto this day.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.184/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:179`. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.28/) - next →: [Joshua 8:30](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.30/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/)