--- title: Joshua 8:4 — And he commanded them, saying: 'Behold, ye shall lie in ambush again… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he commanded them, saying: 'Behold, ye shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city; go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready. Who acts: Joshua, ye. Joshua 8:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / 8:4 # Joshua 8:4 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, ye · **What happens:** command, say, lie, not go, be · **To what, where:** men, ambush · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 8:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, ye — and what happens in the verse to men, ambush, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְצַ֨ו אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְ֠אוּ אַתֶּ֞ם אֹרְבִ֤ים לָעִיר֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר אַל־תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר מְאֹ֑ד וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם נְכֹנִֽים׃ [And he commanded them, saying: 'Behold, ye shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city; go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.159/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:154 # text = וַיְצַ֨ו אֹתָ֜ם לֵאמֹ֗ר רְ֠אוּ אַתֶּ֞ם אֹרְבִ֤ים לָעִיר֙ מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י הָעִ֔יר אַל־תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ מִן־הָעִ֖יר מְאֹ֑ד וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם נְכֹנִֽים׃ # verse = JOS.8.4 1-2 וַיְצַ֨ו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:4!1|MId=o060080040011|Strong=2050b 2 יְצַ֨ו צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.commanded|Ref=JOS_8:4!1|MId=o060080040012|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060080030091;A1:060080040022;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 אֹתָ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_8:4!2|MId=o060080040021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 4 ָ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_8:4!2|MId=o060080040022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5-6 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 7 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_8:4!3|MId=o060080040031|Strong=3807a 6 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_8:4!3|MId=o060080040032|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060080030091;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 רְ֠אוּ רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 2 ccomp _ Gloss=see|Ref=JOS_8:4!4|MId=o060080040041|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:060080030121;|Type=imperative 8 אַתֶּ֞ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_8:4!5|MId=o060080040051|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 9 אֹרְבִ֤ים אָרַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 7 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].lying.in.wait|Ref=JOS_8:4!6|MId=o060080040061|Strong=0693|Frame=A0:060080040051;|Type=participle_active 10-12 לָעִיר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_8:4!7|MId=o060080040071|Strong=3807a 11 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:4!7|MId=o060080040071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 עִיר֙ עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_8:4!7|MId=o060080040072|Strong=5892 13-14 מֵאַחֲרֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=(from)|Ref=JOS_8:4!8|MId=o060080040081|Strong=4480 14 אַחֲרֵ֣י אַחַר ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=behind|Ref=JOS_8:4!8|MId=o060080040082|Strong=0310 15-16 הָעִ֔יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:4!9|MId=o060080040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 עִ֔יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_8:4!9|MId=o060080040092|Strong=5892 17 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=JOS_8:4!10|MId=o060080040101|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 18 תַּרְחִ֥יקוּ רָחַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 parataxis _ Gloss=go.far.away|Ref=JOS_8:4!11|MId=o060080040111|Strong=7368|Frame=A0:060080030121;|Type=jussive 19 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_8:4!12|MId=o060080040121|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 20-21 הָעִ֖יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:4!13|MId=o060080040131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 עִ֖יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=city|Ref=JOS_8:4!13|MId=o060080040132|Strong=5892 22 מְאֹ֑ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=JOS_8:4!14|MId=o060080040141|Strong=3966 23-24 וִהְיִיתֶ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:4!15|MId=o060080040151|Strong=2050b 24 הְיִיתֶ֥ם הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 27 cop _ Gloss=you.will.be|Ref=JOS_8:4!15|MId=o060080040152|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:060080040162;|Type=weqatal 25-26 כֻּלְּכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=of.you|Ref=JOS_8:4!16|MId=o060080040161|Strong=3605 26 ְכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_8:4!16|MId=o060080040162|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27 נְכֹנִֽים כּוּן VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=prepared|Ref=JOS_8:4!17|MId=o060080040171|Strong=3559|Frame=A1:060080030121;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=JOS_8:4!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יְצַו *he commanded* | wayyiqtol · piel | | ָם *them* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | רְאוּ *see* | imperative · qal | | | | | | אֹרְבִים *\[are\] lying in wait* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | | | | | **not** תַּרְחִיקוּ *go far away* | jussive · hiphil | | | | | | הְיִיתֶם *you will be* | weqatal · qal | ְכֶם *all* | | | | | נְכֹנִֽים *prepared* | participle active · niphal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּפַקֵיד יַתְהוֹן לְמֵימָר חֲזוּ דְאַתּוּן כָּמְנִין לְקַרְתָּא מֵאֲחוֹרֵי קַרְתָּא לָא תַרְחִיקוּן מִן קַרְתָּא לַחֲדָא וּתְהוֹן כּוּלְכוֹן מְתַקְנַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he commanded them, saying: 'Behold, ye shall lie in ambush against the city, behind the city; go not very far from the city, but be ye all ready.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.159/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:154`. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.3/) - next →: [Joshua 8:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.5/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/)