--- title: Joshua 8:9 — And Joshua sent them forth; and they went to the ambushment, and abo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua sent them forth; and they went to the ambushment, and abode between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai; but Joshua lodged that night among the people. Who acts: Joshua, people. Joshua 8:9 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/) / 8:9 # Joshua 8:9 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, people · **What happens:** send, go, abide, lodge · **To what, where:** people, ambushment, west side This is Joshua 8:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, people — and what happens in the verse to people, ambushment, west side, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הַמַּאְרָ֔ב וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛לבֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֣ם לָעָ֑י וַיָּ֧לֶן יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעָֽם׃ [And Joshua sent them forth; and they went to the ambushment, and abode between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai; but Joshua lodged that night among the people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.164/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:159 # text = וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ אֶל־הַמַּאְרָ֔ב וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ בֵּ֧ין בֵּֽית־אֵ֛לבֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל וּבֵ֥ין הָעַ֖י מִיָּ֣ם לָעָ֑י וַיָּ֧לֶן יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ בַּלַּ֥יְלָה הַה֖וּא בְּת֥וֹךְ הָעָֽם׃ # verse = JOS.8.9 1-3 וַיִּשְׁלָחֵ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:9!1|MId=o060080090011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּשְׁלָח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he|Ref=JOS_8:9!1|MId=o060080090012|Strong=7971|Frame=A1:060080090013;A0:060080090021;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 ֵ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obj _ Gloss=sent.them.out|Ref=JOS_8:9!1|MId=o060080090013|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 4 יְהוֹשֻׁ֗עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_8:9!2|MId=o060080090021|Strong=3091 5-6 וַיֵּֽלְכוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:9!3|MId=o060080090031|Strong=2050b 6 יֵּֽלְכוּ֙ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.went|Ref=JOS_8:9!3|MId=o060080090032|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:060080030121;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_8:9!4|MId=o060080090041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הַמַּאְרָ֔ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:9!5|MId=o060080090051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מַּאְרָ֔ב מַאֲרָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=ambush|Ref=JOS_8:9!5|MId=o060080090052|Strong=3993 10-11 וַיֵּשְׁב֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:9!6|MId=o060080090061|Strong=2050b 11 יֵּשְׁב֗וּ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.remained|Ref=JOS_8:9!6|MId=o060080090062|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060080030121;|Type=wayyiqtol 12 בֵּ֧ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=JOS_8:9!7|MId=o060080090071|Strong=0996 13-14 בֵּֽית־אֵ֛לבֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל בֵּית־אֵל PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Bethel|Ref=JOS_8:9!8|MId=o060080090081 14 בֵּֽית־אֵ֛ל בֵּיתְאֵל PROPN _ _ 13 nmod _ Gloss=Bethel|Ref=JOS_8:9!9|MId=o060080090091 15-16 וּבֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:9!10|MId=o060080090101|Strong=2050b 16 בֵ֥ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=JOS_8:9!10|MId=o060080090102|Strong=0996 17-18 הָעַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 18 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_8:9!11|MId=o060080090111|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 18 עַ֖י עַי PROPN _ _ 13 conj _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_8:9!11|MId=o060080090112|Strong=5857 19-20 מִיָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=from.[the]|Ref=JOS_8:9!12|MId=o060080090121|Strong=4480 20 יָּ֣ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=west|Ref=JOS_8:9!12|MId=o060080090122|Strong=3220 21-23 לָעָ֑י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_8:9!13|MId=o060080090131|Strong=3807a 22 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 23 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_8:9!13|MId=o060080090131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 עָ֑י עַי PROPN _ _ 20 nmod _ Gloss=Ai|Ref=JOS_8:9!13|MId=o060080090132|Strong=5857 24-25 וַיָּ֧לֶן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 25 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_8:9!14|MId=o060080090141|Strong=2050b 25 יָּ֧לֶן לין VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.stayed|Ref=JOS_8:9!14|MId=o060080090142|Strong=3885a|Frame=A0:060080090141;|Type=wayyiqtol 26 יְהוֹשֻׁ֛עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 25 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_8:9!15|MId=o060080090151|Strong=3091 27-29 בַּלַּ֥יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_8:9!16|MId=o060080090161|Strong=0871a 28 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 29 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:9!16|MId=o060080090161ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 29 לַּ֥יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=JOS_8:9!16|MId=o060080090162|Strong=3915 30-31 הַה֖וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_8:9!17|MId=o060080090171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 ה֖וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 det _ Gloss=that|Ref=JOS_8:9!17|MId=o060080090172|Strong=1931|Type=personal 32-33 בְּת֥וֹךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=JOS_8:9!18|MId=o060080090181|Strong=0871a 33 ת֥וֹךְ תָּוֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_8:9!18|MId=o060080090182|Strong=8432 34-35 הָעָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 35 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_8:9!19|MId=o060080090191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 35 עָֽם עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 compound:smixut _ Gloss=people|Ref=JOS_8:9!19|MId=o060080090192|Strong=5971 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=JOS_8:9!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּשְׁלָח *he* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | ֵם *sent them out* | | | | יֵּֽלְכוּ *they went* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יֵּשְׁבוּ *they remained* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | יָּלֶן *he stayed* | wayyiqtol · qal | וַ *and* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּשְׁלָחִינוּן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַאֲזַלוּ לִכְמָנָא וִיתַבוּ בֵּין בֵּית אֵל וּבֵין עָי מַעֲרַב לְעָי וּבָת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ בְּלֵילְיָא הַהוּא בְּגוֹ עַמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua sent them forth; and they went to the ambushment, and abode between Beth-el and Ai, on the west side of Ai; but Joshua lodged that night among the people.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.164/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:159`. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.8/) - next →: [Joshua 8:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.10/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/8/)