--- title: Joshua 9:1 — And it came to pass, when all the kings that were beyond the Jordan,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it came to pass, when all the kings that were beyond the Jordan, in the hill-country, and in the Lowland, and on all the shore of the Great Sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof, Who acts: it, kings. Joshu --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/) / 9:1 # Joshua 9:1 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** it, kings · **What happens:** come, pass, be, hear · **To what, where:** hill country This is Joshua 9:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — it, kings — and what happens in the verse to hill country, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן בָּהָ֣ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה וּבְכֹל֙ ח֚וֹף הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּד֔וֹל אֶל־מ֖וּל הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן הַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ [And it came to pass, when all the kings that were beyond the Jordan, in the hill-country, and in the Lowland, and on all the shore of the Great Sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.191/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:186 # text = וַיְהִ֣י כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ כָּֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֡ים אֲשֶׁר֩ בְּעֵ֨בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן בָּהָ֣ר וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה וּבְכֹל֙ ח֚וֹף הַיָּ֣ם הַגָּד֔וֹל אֶל־מ֖וּל הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן הַֽחִתִּי֙ וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ הַפְּרִזִּ֔י הַחִוִּ֖י וְהַיְבוּסִֽי׃ # verse = JOS.9.1 1-2 וַיְהִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:1!1|MId=o060090010011|Strong=2050b 2 יְהִ֣י הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.was|Ref=JOS_9:1!1|MId=o060090010012|Strong=1961|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 כִשְׁמֹ֣עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כִ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=just|Ref=JOS_9:1!2|MId=o060090010021|Strong=3509a 4 שְׁמֹ֣עַ שָׁמַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 2 advcl _ Gloss=as.heard|Ref=JOS_9:1!2|MId=o060090010022|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:060090010042;|Type=infinitive_construct 5 כָּֽל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_9:1!3|MId=o060090010031|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 6-7 הַמְּלָכִ֡ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:1!4|MId=o060090010041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מְּלָכִ֡ים מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=kings|Ref=JOS_9:1!4|MId=o060090010042|Strong=4428 8 אֲשֶׁר֩ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 10 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=JOS_9:1!5|MId=o060090010051|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9-10 בְּעֵ֨בֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[were].on|Ref=JOS_9:1!6|MId=o060090010061|Strong=0871a 10 עֵ֨בֶר עֵבֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 acl:relcl _ Gloss=the.other.side|Ref=JOS_9:1!6|MId=o060090010062|Strong=5676 11-12 הַיַּרְדֵּ֜ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_9:1!7|MId=o060090010071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 יַּרְדֵּ֜ן יַרְדֵּן PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.Jordan|Ref=JOS_9:1!7|MId=o060090010072|Strong=3383 13-15 בָּהָ֣ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_9:1!8|MId=o060090010081|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 15 det _ Gloss=the.hill|Ref=JOS_9:1!8|MId=o060090010081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 הָ֣ר הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=country|Ref=JOS_9:1!8|MId=o060090010082|Strong=2022 16-19 וּבַשְּׁפֵלָ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:1!9|MId=o060090010091|Strong=2050b 17 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_9:1!9|MId=o060090010092|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:1!9|MId=o060090010092ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 שְּׁפֵלָ֗ה שְׁפֵלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=Shephelah|Ref=JOS_9:1!9|MId=o060090010093|Strong=8219 20-22 וּבְכֹל֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:1!10|MId=o060090010101|Strong=2050b 21 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_9:1!10|MId=o060090010102|Strong=0871a 22 כֹל֙ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_9:1!10|MId=o060090010103|Strong=3605 23 ח֚וֹף חוֹף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.coast|Ref=JOS_9:1!11|MId=o060090010111|Strong=2348 24-25 הַיָּ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 25 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_9:1!12|MId=o060090010121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 25 יָּ֣ם יָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.sea|Ref=JOS_9:1!12|MId=o060090010122|Strong=3220 26-27 הַגָּד֔וֹל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 27 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_9:1!13|MId=o060090010131|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 27 גָּד֔וֹל גָּדוֹל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 amod _ Gloss=great|Ref=JOS_9:1!13|MId=o060090010132|Strong=1419|Type=adjective 28 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:1!14|MId=o060090010141|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 29 מ֖וּל מוּל ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=the.front|Ref=JOS_9:1!15|MId=o060090010151|Strong=4136 30-31 הַלְּבָנ֑וֹן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=JOS_9:1!16|MId=o060090010161|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 לְּבָנ֑וֹן לְבָנוֹן PROPN _ _ 22 nmod _ Gloss=Lebanon|Ref=JOS_9:1!16|MId=o060090010162|Strong=3844 32-33 הַֽחִתִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 33 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:1!17|MId=o060090010171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 33 חִתִּי֙ חִתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 appos _ Gloss=Hittite[s]|Ref=JOS_9:1!17|MId=o060090010172|Strong=2850|Type=gentilic 34-36 וְהָ֣אֱמֹרִ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:1!18|MId=o060090010181|Strong=2050b 35 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 36 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:1!18|MId=o060090010182|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 36 אֱמֹרִ֔י אֱמֹרִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=Amorite[s]|Ref=JOS_9:1!18|MId=o060090010183|Strong=0567|Type=gentilic 37-38 הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:1!19|MId=o060090010191|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 כְּנַעֲנִי֙ כְּנַעֲנִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=Canaanite[s]|Ref=JOS_9:1!19|MId=o060090010192|Strong=3669|Type=gentilic 39-40 הַפְּרִזִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 40 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:1!20|MId=o060090010201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 פְּרִזִּ֔י פְּרִזִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=Perizzite[s]|Ref=JOS_9:1!20|MId=o060090010202|Strong=6522|Type=gentilic 41-42 הַחִוִּ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 41 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 42 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:1!21|MId=o060090010211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 42 חִוִּ֖י חִוִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=Hivite[s]|Ref=JOS_9:1!21|MId=o060090010212|Strong=2340|Type=gentilic 43-45 וְהַיְבוּסִֽי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 45 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:1!22|MId=o060090010221|Strong=2050b 44 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 45 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:1!22|MId=o060090010222|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 45 יְבוּסִֽי יְבוּסִי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 conj _ Gloss=Jebusite[s]|Ref=JOS_9:1!22|MId=o060090010223|Strong=2983|Type=gentilic 46 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 45 punct _ Ref=JOS_9:1!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שְׁמֹעַ *as heard* | infinitive construct · qal | מְּלָכִים *kings* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַהֲוָה כַּד שְׁמָעוּ כָּל מַלְכַיָא דִי בְּעִבְרָא דְיַרְדְנָא בְּטוּרָא וּבִשְׁפֶלְתָּא וּבְכָל סְפַר יַמָא רַבָּא דִי לָקֳבֵיל לִיבְנָן חִתָּאֵי וֶאֱמוֹרָאֵי כְּנַעֲנָאֵי פְּרִיזָאֵי חִוָאֵי וִיבוּסָאֵי: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it came to pass, when all the kings that were beyond the Jordan, in the hill-country, and in the Lowland, and on all the shore of the Great Sea in front of Lebanon, the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite, heard thereof,](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.191/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:186`. - ← previous: [Joshua 8:35](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.8.35/) - next →: [Joshua 9:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.2/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/)