--- title: Joshua 9:19 — But all the princes said unto all the congregation: 'We have sworn u… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But all the princes said unto all the congregation: 'We have sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel; now therefore we may not touch them. Who acts: princes, We. Joshua 9:19 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/) / 9:19 # Joshua 9:19 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** princes, We · **What happens:** say, swear, not touch · **To what, where:** princes · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 9:19 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — princes, We — and what happens in the verse to princes, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ כָל־הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ לָהֶ֔ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֕ה לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לִנְגֹּ֥עַ בָּהֶֽם׃ [But all the princes said unto all the congregation: 'We have sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel; now therefore we may not touch them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.212/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:204 # text = וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ כָל־הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ אֶל־כָּל־הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ לָהֶ֔ם בַּֽיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וְעַתָּ֕ה לֹ֥א נוּכַ֖ל לִנְגֹּ֥עַ בָּהֶֽם׃ # verse = JOS.9.19 1-2 וַיֹּאמְר֤וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:19!1|MId=o060090190011|Strong=2050b 2 יֹּאמְר֤וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JOS_9:19!1|MId=o060090190012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060090190032;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_9:19!2|MId=o060090190021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 הַנְּשִׂיאִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:19!3|MId=o060090190031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 נְּשִׂיאִים֙ נָשִׂיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=leaders|Ref=JOS_9:19!3|MId=o060090190032|Strong=5387 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:19!4|MId=o060090190041|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_9:19!5|MId=o060090190051|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הָ֣עֵדָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָ֣ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:19!6|MId=o060090190061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עֵדָ֔ה עֵדָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=congregation|Ref=JOS_9:19!6|MId=o060090190062|Strong=5712 10 אֲנַ֙חְנוּ֙ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=JOS_9:19!7|MId=o060090190071|Strong=0587|Type=personal 11 נִשְׁבַּ֣עְנוּ שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 ccomp _ Gloss=we.have.sworn.an.oath|Ref=JOS_9:19!8|MId=o060090190081|Strong=7650|Frame=A0:060090190071;|Type=qatal 12-13 לָהֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 ל לְ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:19!9|MId=o060090190091|Strong=3807a 13 ָהֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_9:19!9|MId=o060090190092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 14-15 בַּֽיהוָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=by|Ref=JOS_9:19!10|MId=o060090190101|Strong=0871a 15 יהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 11 obl _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_9:19!10|MId=o060090190102|Strong=3068 16 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=JOS_9:19!11|MId=o060090190111|Strong=0430 17 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=JOS_9:19!12|MId=o060090190121|Strong=3478 18-19 וְעַתָּ֕ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:19!13|MId=o060090190131|Strong=2050b 19 עַתָּ֕ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=JOS_9:19!13|MId=o060090190132|Strong=6258 20 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 21 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=JOS_9:19!14|MId=o060090190141|Strong=3808|Type=negative 21 נוּכַ֖ל יָכֹל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 11 parataxis _ Gloss=we.are.able|Ref=JOS_9:19!15|MId=o060090190151|Strong=3201|Frame=A0:060090190032;060090190062;|Type=yiqtol 22-23 לִנְגֹּ֥עַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:19!16|MId=o060090190161|Strong=3807a 23 נְגֹּ֥עַ נָגַע VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 21 xcomp _ Gloss=touch|Ref=JOS_9:19!16|MId=o060090190162|Strong=5060|Frame=A0:060090190032;060090190062;|Type=infinitive_construct 24-25 בָּהֶֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=(in)|Ref=JOS_9:19!17|MId=o060090190171|Strong=0871a 25 ָהֶֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_9:19!17|MId=o060090190172|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=JOS_9:19!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | נְּשִׂיאִים *leaders* | | | | | נִשְׁבַּעְנוּ *we have sworn an oath* | qatal · niphal | אֲנַחְנוּ *we* | | | | | **not** נוּכַל *we are able* | yiqtol · qal | נְּשִׂיאִים *leaders* + עֵדָה *congregation* | | | | | נְגֹּעַ *touch* | infinitive construct · qal | נְּשִׂיאִים *leaders* + עֵדָה *congregation* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמַרוּ כָּל רַבְרְבַיָא לְכָל כְּנִשְׁתָּא אֲנַחְנָא קַיֵימְנָא לְהוֹן בְּמֵימְרָא דַייָ אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל וּכְעַן לָא נִכּוּל לְאַנְזָקָא בְּהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But all the princes said unto all the congregation: 'We have sworn unto them by the LORD, the God of Israel; now therefore we may not touch them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.212/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:204`. - ← previous: [Joshua 9:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.18/) - next →: [Joshua 9:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.20/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/)