--- title: Joshua 9:22 — And Joshua called for them, and he spoke unto them, saying: 'Wherefo… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And Joshua called for them, and he spoke unto them, saying: 'Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying: We are very far from you, when ye dwell among us? Who acts: Joshua, Israel, ye, We. Joshua 9:22 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.22/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/) / 9:22 # Joshua 9:22 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, Israel, ye, We · **What happens:** call, speak, say, beguile, be, dwell · **To what, where:** us · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 9:22 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, Israel, ye, We — and what happens in the verse to us, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיִּקְרָ֤א לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לָמָּה֩ רִמִּיתֶ֨ם אֹתָ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר רְחוֹקִ֨ים אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מִכֶּם֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְאַתֶּ֖ם בְּקִרְבֵּ֥נוּ יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ [And Joshua called for them, and he spoke unto them, saying: 'Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying: We are very far from you, when ye dwell among us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.215/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:207 # text = וַיִּקְרָ֤א לָהֶם֙ יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לָמָּה֩ רִמִּיתֶ֨ם אֹתָ֜נוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר רְחוֹקִ֨ים אֲנַ֤חְנוּ מִכֶּם֙ מְאֹ֔ד וְאַתֶּ֖ם בְּקִרְבֵּ֥נוּ יֹשְׁבִֽים׃ # verse = JOS.9.22 1-2 וַיִּקְרָ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:22!1|MId=o060090220011|Strong=2050b 2 יִּקְרָ֤א קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.summoned|Ref=JOS_9:22!1|MId=o060090220012|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:060090220031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3-4 לָהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 ל לְ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(to)|Ref=JOS_9:22!2|MId=o060090220021|Strong=3807a 4 ָהֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_9:22!2|MId=o060090220022|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 5 יְהוֹשֻׁ֔עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_9:22!3|MId=o060090220031|Strong=3091 6-7 וַיְדַבֵּ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:22!4|MId=o060090220041|Strong=2050b 7 יְדַבֵּ֥ר דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.spoke|Ref=JOS_9:22!4|MId=o060090220042|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:060090220031;|Type=wayyiqtol 8-9 אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:22!5|MId=o060090220051|Strong=0413 9 הֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=JOS_9:22!5|MId=o060090220052|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 לֵאמֹ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_9:22!6|MId=o060090220061|Strong=3807a 11 אמֹ֑ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_9:22!6|MId=o060090220062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060090220031;|Type=infinitive_construct 12-13 לָמָּה֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 לָ לָמָה ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_9:22!7|MId=o060090220071|Strong=3807a 13 מָּה֩ מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 14 obl _ Gloss=why?|Ref=JOS_9:22!7|MId=o060090220072|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 14 רִמִּיתֶ֨ם רָמָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=2 7 ccomp _ Gloss=did.you.deceive|Ref=JOS_9:22!8|MId=o060090220081|Strong=7411a|Frame=A0:060090070062;A1:060090220092;|Type=qatal 15-16 אֹתָ֜נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_9:22!9|MId=o060090220091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 16 ָ֜נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 obj _ Gloss=us|Ref=JOS_9:22!9|MId=o060090220092|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 17-18 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 19 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=JOS_9:22!10|MId=o060090220101|Strong=3807a 18 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 17 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=JOS_9:22!10|MId=o060090220102|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060090070062;|Type=infinitive_construct 19 רְחוֹקִ֨ים רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 advcl _ Gloss=[are].distant|Ref=JOS_9:22!11|MId=o060090220111|Strong=7350|Type=adjective 20 אֲנַ֤חְנוּ אֲנַחְנוּ PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ Gloss=we|Ref=JOS_9:22!12|MId=o060090220121|Strong=0587|Type=personal 21-22 מִכֶּם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_9:22!13|MId=o060090220131|Strong=4480 22 כֶּם֙ מִן PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_9:22!13|MId=o060090220132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 23 מְאֹ֔ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=JOS_9:22!14|MId=o060090220141|Strong=3966 24-25 וְאַתֶּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:22!15|MId=o060090220151|Strong=2050b 25 אַתֶּ֖ם אַתֶּם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_9:22!15|MId=o060090220152|Strong=0859a|Type=personal 26-28 בְּקִרְבֵּ֥נוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=JOS_9:22!16|MId=o060090220161|Strong=0871a 27 קִרְבּ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 obl _ Gloss=midst|Ref=JOS_9:22!16|MId=o060090220162|Strong=7130 28 ֵ֥נוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JOS_9:22!16|MId=o060090220163|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 29 יֹשְׁבִֽים יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 14 conj _ Gloss=[are].dwelling|Ref=JOS_9:22!17|MId=o060090220171|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:060090220152;|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=JOS_9:22!17 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִּקְרָא *he summoned* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | יְדַבֵּר *he spoke* | wayyiqtol · piel | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | | רִמִּיתֶם *did you deceive* | qatal · piel | | ָנוּ *us* | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | יֹשְׁבִֽים *\[are\] dwelling* | participle active · qal | אַתֶּם *you* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּקְרָא לְהוֹן יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וּמַלֵיל עִמְהוֹן לְמֵימָר לְמָא שְׁקַרְתּוּן בָּנָא לְמֵימָר רְחִיקִין אֲנַחְנָא מִנְכוֹן לַחֲדָא וְאַתּוּן בֵּינָנָא יָתְבִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And Joshua called for them, and he spoke unto them, saying: 'Wherefore have ye beguiled us, saying: We are very far from you, when ye dwell among us?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.215/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:207`. - ← previous: [Joshua 9:21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.21/) - next →: [Joshua 9:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.23/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/)