--- title: Joshua 9:24 — And they answered Joshua, and said: 'Because it was certainly told t… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And they answered Joshua, and said: 'Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that the LORD thy God commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you; therefore we were sore afraid for our lives because of you, and have done t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Joshua](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/) / [chapter 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/) / 9:24 # Joshua 9:24 יְהוֹשֻׁעַ **Who acts:** Joshua, LORD, we · **What happens:** answer, say, tell, command, give, destroy · **To what, where:** Joshua, water, servants, servant, land, you · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Joshua 9:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Joshua, LORD, we — and what happens in the verse to Joshua, water, servants, servant, land, you, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 24 chapters of Joshua on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ כִּי֩ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֤ד לַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֔וֹ לָתֵ֤ת לָכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְהַשְׁמִ֛יד אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וַנִּירָ֨א מְאֹ֤ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וַֽנַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ [And they answered Joshua, and said: 'Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that the LORD thy God commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you; therefore we were sore afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.217/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:JOS:209 # text = וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ כִּי֩ הֻגֵּ֨ד הֻגַּ֤ד לַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֜ה יְהוָ֤ה אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶת־מֹשֶׁ֣ה עַבְדּ֔וֹ לָתֵ֤ת לָכֶם֙ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ וּלְהַשְׁמִ֛יד אֶת־כָּל־יֹשְׁבֵ֥י הָאָ֖רֶץ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם וַנִּירָ֨א מְאֹ֤ד לְנַפְשֹׁתֵ֙ינוּ֙ מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם וַֽנַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה אֶת־הַדָּבָ֥ר הַזֶּֽה׃ # verse = JOS.9.24 1-2 וַיַּעֲנ֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:24!1|MId=o060090240011|Strong=2050b 2 יַּעֲנ֨וּ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.answered|Ref=JOS_9:24!1|MId=o060090240012|Strong=6030|Frame=A0:060090070062;A1:060090240031;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_9:24!2|MId=o060090240021|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 4 יְהוֹשֻׁ֜עַ יְהֹושֻׁעַ PROPN _ _ 2 obj _ Gloss=Joshua|Ref=JOS_9:24!3|MId=o060090240031|Strong=3091 5-6 וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:24!4|MId=o060090240041|Strong=2050b 6 יֹּאמְר֗וּ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.said|Ref=JOS_9:24!4|MId=o060090240042|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:060090070062;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=JOS_9:24!5|MId=o060090240051|Strong=3588 8 הֻגֵּ֨ד נָגַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HOPHAL 9 obl:npmod _ Gloss=fully.(tell)|Ref=JOS_9:24!6|MId=o060090240061|Strong=5046|Type=infinitive_absolute 9 הֻגַּ֤ד נָגַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 advcl _ Gloss=it.was.told|Ref=JOS_9:24!7|MId=o060090240071|Strong=5046|Frame=A1:060090240111;|Type=qatal 10-12 לַעֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:24!8|MId=o060090240081|Strong=3807a 11 עֲבָדֶ֙י עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obl _ Gloss=servants|Ref=JOS_9:24!8|MId=o060090240082|Strong=5650 12 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_9:24!8|MId=o060090240083|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13 אֵת֩ אֵת ADP _ _ 9 nsubj _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_9:24!9|MId=o060090240091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 14 אֲשֶׁ֨ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=how|Ref=JOS_9:24!10|MId=o060090240101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 צִוָּ֜ה צָוָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.had.commanded|Ref=JOS_9:24!11|MId=o060090240111|Strong=6680|Frame=A0:060090240121;A1:060090240151;|Type=qatal 16 יְהוָ֤ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 15 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=JOS_9:24!12|MId=o060090240121|Strong=3068 17-18 אֱלֹהֶ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֱלֹהֶ֙י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 appos _ Gloss=God|Ref=JOS_9:24!13|MId=o060090240131|Strong=0430 18 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 17 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=JOS_9:24!13|MId=o060090240132|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 19 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_9:24!14|MId=o060090240141|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 20 מֹשֶׁ֣ה מֹשֶׁה PROPN _ _ 15 obj _ Gloss=Moses|Ref=JOS_9:24!15|MId=o060090240151|Strong=4872 21-22 עַבְדּ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 עַבְדּ עֶבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 appos _ Gloss=servant|Ref=JOS_9:24!16|MId=o060090240161|Strong=5650 22 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=JOS_9:24!16|MId=o060090240162|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 23-24 לָתֵ֤ת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:24!17|MId=o060090240171|Strong=3807a 24 תֵ֤ת נָתַן VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 15 xcomp _ Gloss=give|Ref=JOS_9:24!17|MId=o060090240172|Strong=5414|Frame=A0:060090240151;A1:060090240212;|Type=infinitive_construct 25-26 לָכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 ל לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:24!18|MId=o060090240181|Strong=3807a 26 ָכֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 24 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_9:24!18|MId=o060090240182|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 27 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_9:24!19|MId=o060090240191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 28 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_9:24!20|MId=o060090240201|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הָאָ֔רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:24!21|MId=o060090240211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 אָ֔רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=land|Ref=JOS_9:24!21|MId=o060090240212|Strong=0776 31-33 וּלְהַשְׁמִ֛יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:24!22|MId=o060090240221|Strong=2050b 32 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 33 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=JOS_9:24!22|MId=o060090240222|Strong=3807a 33 הַשְׁמִ֛יד שָׁמַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 24 conj _ Gloss=destroy|Ref=JOS_9:24!22|MId=o060090240223|Strong=8045|Frame=AA:060090240151;A0:060090240251;|Type=infinitive_construct 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_9:24!23|MId=o060090240231|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 35 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=all|Ref=JOS_9:24!24|MId=o060090240241|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 36 יֹשְׁבֵ֥י יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.inhabitants|Ref=JOS_9:24!25|MId=o060090240251|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 37-38 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_9:24!26|MId=o060090240261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=JOS_9:24!26|MId=o060090240262|Strong=0776 39-41 מִפְּנֵיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=JOS_9:24!27|MId=o060090240271|Strong=4480 40 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 33 obl _ Gloss=before|Ref=JOS_9:24!27|MId=o060090240272|Strong=6440 41 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_9:24!27|MId=o060090240273|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 42-43 וַנִּירָ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 43 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:24!28|MId=o060090240281|Strong=2050b 43 נִּירָ֨א יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=we.were.afraid|Ref=JOS_9:24!28|MId=o060090240282|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:060090240082;|Type=wayyiqtol 44 מְאֹ֤ד מְאֹד ADV _ _ 43 advmod _ Gloss=very|Ref=JOS_9:24!29|MId=o060090240291|Strong=3966 45-47 לְנַפְשֹׁתֵ֙ינוּ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=JOS_9:24!30|MId=o060090240301|Strong=3807a 46 נַפְשֹׁתֵ֙י נֶפֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Plur 43 obl _ Gloss=lives|Ref=JOS_9:24!30|MId=o060090240302|Strong=5315 47 נוּ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ Gloss=our|Ref=JOS_9:24!30|MId=o060090240303|Strong=5105a|Type=pronominal 48-50 מִפְּנֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 49 case _ Gloss=because|Ref=JOS_9:24!31|MId=o060090240311|Strong=4480 49 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 43 obl _ Gloss=of|Ref=JOS_9:24!31|MId=o060090240312|Strong=6440 50 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 49 nmod:poss _ Gloss=you|Ref=JOS_9:24!31|MId=o060090240313|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 51-52 וַֽנַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 51 וַֽ וְ CCONJ _ _ 52 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=JOS_9:24!32|MId=o060090240321|Strong=2050b 52 נַּעֲשֵׂ֖ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=1 2 conj _ Gloss=we.did|Ref=JOS_9:24!32|MId=o060090240322|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:060090240082;A1:060090240342;|Type=wayyiqtol 53 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 55 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=JOS_9:24!33|MId=o060090240331|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 54-55 הַדָּבָ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 55 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=JOS_9:24!34|MId=o060090240341|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 55 דָּבָ֥ר דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 52 obj _ Gloss=thing|Ref=JOS_9:24!34|MId=o060090240342|Strong=1697 56-57 הַזֶּֽה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 56 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 57 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=JOS_9:24!35|MId=o060090240351|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 57 זֶּֽה זֶה DET _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 55 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=JOS_9:24!35|MId=o060090240352|Strong=2088|Type=demonstrative 58 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 57 punct _ Ref=JOS_9:24!35 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יַּעֲנוּ *they answered* | wayyiqtol · qal | | יְהוֹשֻׁעַ *Joshua* | | | | יֹּאמְרוּ *they said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | הֻגַּד *it was told* | qatal · hophal | | צִוָּה *he had commanded* | | | | צִוָּה *he had commanded* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | | | תֵת *give* | infinitive construct · qal | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | הַשְׁמִיד *destroy* | infinitive construct · hiphil | יֹשְׁבֵי *the inhabitants* | | | מֹשֶׁה *Moses* | | נִּירָא *we were afraid* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֲבָדֶי *servants* | | | | | נַּעֲשֵׂה *we did* | wayyiqtol · qal | עֲבָדֶי *servants* | דָּבָר *thing* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲתִיבוּ יַת יְהוֹשֻׁעַ וַאֲמַרוּ אֲרֵי חַוָאָה אִתְחַוָא לְעַבְדָךְ יַת דְפַקֵד יְיָ אֱלָהָךְ יַת מֹשֶׁה עַבְדֵיהּ לְמִתַּן לְכוֹן יַת כָּל אַרְעָא וּלְשֵׁיצָאָה יַת כָּל יָתְבֵי אַרְעָא מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן וּדְחִילְנָא לַחֲדָא לְנַפְשָׁתָנָא מִן קֳדָמֵיכוֹן וַעֲבַדְנָא יַת פִּתְגָמָא הָדֵין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And they answered Joshua, and said: 'Because it was certainly told thy servants, how that the LORD thy God commanded His servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you; therefore we were sore afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JOS.217/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:JOS:209`. - ← previous: [Joshua 9:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.23/) - next →: [Joshua 9:25](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS.9.25/) - ↑ back to [Joshua 9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JOS/9/)