--- title: Malachi 1:3 — But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness. Who acts: I. Malachi 1:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/1/) / 1:3 # Malachi 1:3 מַלְאָכִי **Who acts:** I · **What happens:** hate, make, give · **To what, where:** Esau, mountains, heritage, jackals This is Malachi 1:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I — and what happens in the verse to Esau, mountains, heritage, jackals, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְתַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר׃ [But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.3/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MAL:2 # text = וְאֶת־עֵשָׂ֖ו שָׂנֵ֑אתִי וָאָשִׂ֤ים אֶת־הָרָיו֙ שְׁמָמָ֔ה וְאֶת־נַחֲלָת֖וֹ לְתַנּ֥וֹת מִדְבָּֽר׃ # verse = MAL.1.3 1-2 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_1:3!1|MId=o390010030011|Strong=2050b 2 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=MAL_1:3!1|MId=o390010030012|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 3 עֵשָׂ֖ו עֵשָׂו PROPN _ _ 4 obj _ Gloss=Esau|Ref=MAL_1:3!2|MId=o390010030021|Strong=6215 4 שָׂנֵ֑אתִי שָׂנֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.hated|Ref=MAL_1:3!3|MId=o390010030031|Strong=8130|Frame=A0:390010020131;A1:390010030021;|Type=qatal 5-6 וָאָשִׂ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_1:3!4|MId=o390010030041|Strong=2050b 6 אָשִׂ֤ים שׂים VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 4 conj _ Gloss=I.have.made|Ref=MAL_1:3!4|MId=o390010030042|Strong=7760|Frame=A0:390010020131;A1:390010030061;|Type=wayyiqtol 7 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=MAL_1:3!5|MId=o390010030051|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 הָרָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הָרָי הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=MAL_1:3!6|MId=o390010030061|Strong=2022 9 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=MAL_1:3!6|MId=o390010030062|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 10 שְׁמָמָ֔ה שְׁמָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 xcomp _ Gloss=a.waste|Ref=MAL_1:3!7|MId=o390010030071|Strong=8077 11-12 וְאֶת־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_1:3!8|MId=o390010030081|Strong=2050b 12 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=MAL_1:3!8|MId=o390010030082|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 13-14 נַחֲלָת֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 נַחֲלָת נַחֲלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=inheritance|Ref=MAL_1:3!9|MId=o390010030091|Strong=5159 14 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=MAL_1:3!9|MId=o390010030092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15-16 לְתַנּ֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=for.[female]|Ref=MAL_1:3!10|MId=o390010030101|Strong=3807a 16 תַנּ֥וֹת תַּן NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=jackals|Ref=MAL_1:3!10|MId=o390010030102|Strong=8565 17 מִדְבָּֽר מִדְבָּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].wilderness|Ref=MAL_1:3!11|MId=o390010030111|Strong=4057|SpaceAfter=No 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=MAL_1:3!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׂנֵאתִי *I hated* | qatal · qal | | עֵשָׂו *Esau* | | | | אָשִׂים *I have made* | wayyiqtol · qal | | הָרָי *mountains* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיַת עֵשָׂו רְחִיקֵית וְשַׁוֵיתִי יַת טוּרוֹהִי לְצָדוּ וְיַת אַחְסַנְתֵּיהּ לְצָדוּת מַדְבְּרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But Esau I hated, and made his mountains a desolation, and gave his heritage to the jackals of the wilderness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.3/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MAL:2`. - ← previous: [Malachi 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.2/) - next →: [Malachi 1:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.1.4/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/1/)