--- title: Malachi 2:3 — Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung u… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your sacrifices; and ye shall be taken away unto it. Who acts: I, your. Malachi 2:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/2/) / 2:3 # Malachi 2:3 מַלְאָכִי **Who acts:** I, your · **What happens:** rebuke, spread, take away, hurt, sacrifice · **To what, where:** seed, dung, faces, ye This is Malachi 2:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, your — and what happens in the verse to seed, dung, faces, ye, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנְנִ֨י גֹעֵ֤ר לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַזֶּ֔רַע וְזֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֙רֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶ֔ם פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽיו׃ [Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your sacrifices; and ye shall be taken away unto it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.22/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MAL:16 # text = הִנְנִ֨י גֹעֵ֤ר לָכֶם֙ אֶת־הַזֶּ֔רַע וְזֵרִ֤יתִי פֶ֙רֶשׁ֙ עַל־פְּנֵיכֶ֔ם פֶּ֖רֶשׁ חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם וְנָשָׂ֥א אֶתְכֶ֖ם אֵלָֽיו׃ # verse = MAL.2.3 1-2 הִנְנִ֨י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=MAL_2:3!1|MId=o390020030011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 2 ְנִ֨י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 1 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=MAL_2:3!1|MId=o390020030012|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 3 גֹעֵ֤ר גָּעַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[am].about.to.rebuke|Ref=MAL_2:3!2|MId=o390020030021|Strong=1605|Frame=A0:390020030012;A1:390020030052;|Type=participle_active 4-5 לָכֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 ל לְ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=|Ref=MAL_2:3!3|MId=o390020030031|Strong=3807a 5 ָכֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ Gloss=your|Ref=MAL_2:3!3|MId=o390020030032|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=MAL_2:3!4|MId=o390020030041|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 הַזֶּ֔רַע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 8 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=MAL_2:3!5|MId=o390020030051|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 8 זֶּ֔רַע זֶרַע NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=offspring|Ref=MAL_2:3!5|MId=o390020030052|Strong=2233 9-10 וְזֵרִ֤יתִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_2:3!6|MId=o390020030061|Strong=2050b 10 זֵרִ֤יתִי זָרָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.will.spread|Ref=MAL_2:3!6|MId=o390020030062|Strong=2219|Frame=A0:390020020131;A1:390020030071;|Type=weqatal 11 פֶ֙רֶשׁ֙ פֶּרֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obj _ Gloss=dung|Ref=MAL_2:3!7|MId=o390020030071|Strong=6569 12 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MAL_2:3!8|MId=o390020030081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 13-14 פְּנֵיכֶ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 פְּנֵי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 10 obl _ Gloss=faces|Ref=MAL_2:3!9|MId=o390020030091|Strong=6440 14 כֶ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=MAL_2:3!9|MId=o390020030092|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 15 פֶּ֖רֶשׁ פֶּרֶשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=the.dung|Ref=MAL_2:3!10|MId=o390020030101|Strong=6569 16-17 חַגֵּיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 חַגֵּי חַג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.festival.sacrifices|Ref=MAL_2:3!11|MId=o390020030111|Strong=2282 17 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=MAL_2:3!11|MId=o390020030112|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 18-19 וְנָשָׂ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_2:3!12|MId=o390020030121|Strong=2050b 19 נָשָׂ֥א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 conj _ Gloss=someone.will.carry.away|Ref=MAL_2:3!12|MId=o390020030122|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:;A1:390020030132;|Type=weqatal 20-21 אֶתְכֶ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 אֶת אֵת ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=|Ref=MAL_2:3!13|MId=o390020030131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 21 ְכֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=you|Ref=MAL_2:3!13|MId=o390020030132|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 22-23 אֵלָֽיו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 אֵלָֽי אֶל ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=MAL_2:3!14|MId=o390020030141|Strong=0413 23 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=MAL_2:3!14|MId=o390020030142|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=MAL_2:3!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | גֹעֵר *\[am\] about to rebuke* | participle active · qal | ְנִי *I* | זֶּרַע *offspring* | | | | זֵרִיתִי *I will spread* | weqatal · piel | | פֶרֶשׁ *dung* | | | | נָשָׂא *someone will carry away* | weqatal · qal | | ְכֶם *you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא אֲנָא נְזֵיף לְכוֹן בְּעַלְלַת בַּר זַרְעָא וַאֲגִלֵי בַּהֲתַת חוֹבֵיכוֹן עַל אַפֵּיכוֹן וַאֲבַטֵל רְבוּת חַגֵיכוֹן וְיִתְמְנַע חוּלָקְכוֹן מִנֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold, I will rebuke the seed for your hurt, and will spread dung upon your faces, even the dung of your sacrifices; and ye shall be taken away unto it.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.22/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MAL:16`. - ← previous: [Malachi 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.2/) - next →: [Malachi 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.2.4/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/2/)