--- title: Malachi 3:16 — Then they that feared the LORD spoke one with another; and the LORD… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then they that feared the LORD spoke one with another; and the LORD hearkened, and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before Him, for them that feared the LORD, and that thought upon His name. Who acts: hosts, LORD, that. Malachi 3:16 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.16/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/) / 3:16 # Malachi 3:16 מַלְאָכִי **Who acts:** hosts, LORD, that · **What happens:** fear, speak, hearken, hear, write, think · **To what, where:** LORD, one, book · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Malachi 3:16 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hosts, LORD, that — and what happens in the verse to LORD, one, book, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אָ֧ז נִדְבְּר֛וּ יִרְאֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיַּקְשֵׁ֤ב יְהוָה֙ וַיִּשְׁמָ֔ע וַ֠יִּכָּתֵב סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן לְפָנָיו֙ לְיִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּלְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽוֹ׃ [Then they that feared the LORD spoke one with another; and the LORD hearkened, and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before Him, for them that feared the LORD, and that thought upon His name.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.64/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MAL:46 # text = אָ֧ז נִדְבְּר֛וּ יִרְאֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וַיַּקְשֵׁ֤ב יְהוָה֙ וַיִּשְׁמָ֔ע וַ֠יִּכָּתֵב סֵ֣פֶר זִכָּר֤וֹן לְפָנָיו֙ לְיִרְאֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה וּלְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י שְׁמֽוֹ׃ # verse = MAL.3.16 1 אָ֧ז אָז ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=then|Ref=MAL_3:16!1|MId=o390030160011|Strong=0227 2 נִדְבְּר֛וּ דָבַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.spoke.together|Ref=MAL_3:16!2|MId=o390030160021|Strong=1696|Frame=A0:390030160031;|Type=qatal 3 יִרְאֵ֥י יָרֵא ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[those].fearing|Ref=MAL_3:16!3|MId=o390030160031|Strong=3373|Type=adjective 4 יְהוָ֖ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).Yahweh|Ref=MAL_3:16!4|MId=o390030160041|Strong=3068 5 אִ֣ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=MAL_3:16!5|MId=o390030160051|Strong=0376 6 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=with|Ref=MAL_3:16!6|MId=o390030160061|Strong=0853|SpaceAfter=No 7-8 רֵעֵ֑הוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 nmod _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=MAL_3:16!7|MId=o390030160071|Strong=7453 8 ֵ֑הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=MAL_3:16!7|MId=o390030160072|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 9-10 וַיַּקְשֵׁ֤ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:16!8|MId=o390030160081|Strong=2050b 10 יַּקְשֵׁ֤ב קָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.paid.attention|Ref=MAL_3:16!8|MId=o390030160082|Strong=7181|Frame=A0:390030160091;|Type=wayyiqtol 11 יְהוָה֙ יהוה PROPN _ _ 10 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=MAL_3:16!9|MId=o390030160091|Strong=3068 12-13 וַיִּשְׁמָ֔ע _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:16!10|MId=o390030160101|Strong=2050b 13 יִּשְׁמָ֔ע שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.listened|Ref=MAL_3:16!10|MId=o390030160102|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:390030160091;|Type=wayyiqtol 14-15 וַ֠יִּכָּתֵב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 וַ֠ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:16!11|MId=o390030160111|Strong=2050b 15 יִּכָּתֵב כָּתַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.was.written|Ref=MAL_3:16!11|MId=o390030160112|Strong=3789|Frame=A1:390030160121;|Type=wayyiqtol 16 סֵ֣פֶר סֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=a.document|Ref=MAL_3:16!12|MId=o390030160121|Strong=5612 17 זִכָּר֤וֹן זִכָּרוֹן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.remembrance|Ref=MAL_3:16!13|MId=o390030160131|Strong=2146 18-20 לְפָנָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=MAL_3:16!14|MId=o390030160141|Strong=3807a 19 פָנָי פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=|Ref=MAL_3:16!14|MId=o390030160142|Strong=6440 20 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=MAL_3:16!14|MId=o390030160143|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 21-22 לְיִרְאֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=of.[those]|Ref=MAL_3:16!15|MId=o390030160151|Strong=3807a 22 יִרְאֵ֣י יָרֵא ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 15 obl _ Gloss=fearing|Ref=MAL_3:16!15|MId=o390030160152|Strong=3373|Type=adjective 23 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).Yahweh|Ref=MAL_3:16!16|MId=o390030160161|Strong=3068 24-26 וּלְחֹשְׁבֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:16!17|MId=o390030160171|Strong=2050b 25 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=of|Ref=MAL_3:16!17|MId=o390030160172|Strong=3807a 26 חֹשְׁבֵ֖י חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 22 conj _ Gloss=[those.who].esteemed|Ref=MAL_3:16!17|MId=o390030160173|Strong=2803|Frame=A1:390030160181;|Type=participle_active 27-28 שְׁמֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 שְׁמ שֵׁם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 compound:smixut _ Gloss=name|Ref=MAL_3:16!18|MId=o390030160181|Strong=8034 28 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=(of).his|Ref=MAL_3:16!18|MId=o390030160182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 28 punct _ Ref=MAL_3:16!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִדְבְּרוּ *they spoke together* | qatal · niphal | יִרְאֵי *\[those\] fearing* | | | | | יַּקְשֵׁב *he paid attention* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יִּשְׁמָע *he listened* | wayyiqtol · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יִּכָּתֵב *it was written* | wayyiqtol · niphal | | סֵפֶר *a document* | | | | חֹשְׁבֵי *\[those who\] esteemed* | participle active · qal | | שְׁמ *name* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן מְמַלְלִין דַחֲלַיָא דַייָ גְבַר עִם חַבְרֵיהּ וּשְׁמִיעַ קֳדָם יְיָ וּגְלֵי קֳדָמוֹהִי וְאִתְכְּתִיב סְפַר דָכְרָנַיָא קֳדָמוֹהִי לְדַחֲלַיָא דַייָ וְלִדִמְחַשְׁבִין לְיַקָרָא שְׁמֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then they that feared the LORD spoke one with another; and the LORD hearkened, and heard, and a book of remembrance was written before Him, for them that feared the LORD, and that thought upon His name.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.64/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MAL:46`. - ← previous: [Malachi 3:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.15/) - next →: [Malachi 3:17](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.17/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/)