--- title: Malachi 3:2 — But who may abide the day of his coming? And who shall stand when he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But who may abide the day of his coming? And who shall stand when he appeareth? For he is like a refiner's fire, and like fullers' soap; Who acts: messenger. Malachi 3:2 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.2/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/) / 3:2 # Malachi 3:2 מַלְאָכִי **Who acts:** messenger · **What happens:** abide, stand, appear, be This is Malachi 3:2 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — messenger — and what happens in the verse, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וּמִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔וֹ וּמִ֥י הָעֹמֵ֖ד בְּהֵרָֽאוֹת֑וֹ כִּֽי־הוּא֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּכְבֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים׃ [But who may abide the day of his coming?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.43/) [And who shall stand when he appeareth?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.44/) [For he is like a refiner's fire, and like fullers' soap;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.45/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MAL:32 # text = וּמִ֤י מְכַלְכֵּל֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם בּוֹא֔וֹ וּמִ֥י הָעֹמֵ֖ד בְּהֵרָֽאוֹת֑וֹ כִּֽי־הוּא֙ כְּאֵ֣שׁ מְצָרֵ֔ף וּכְבֹרִ֖ית מְכַבְּסִֽים׃ # verse = MAL.3.2 1-2 וּמִ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:2!1|MId=o390030020011|Strong=2050b 2 מִ֤י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 3 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=MAL_3:2!1|MId=o390030020012|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 3 מְכַלְכֵּל֙ כּוּל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PILPEL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[will].endure|Ref=MAL_3:2!2|MId=o390030020021|Strong=3557|Frame=A0:390030020012;A1:390030020041;|Type=participle_active 4 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=MAL_3:2!3|MId=o390030020031|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 5 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 obj _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=MAL_3:2!4|MId=o390030020041|Strong=3117 6-7 בּוֹא֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 בּוֹא בּוֹא VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 acl _ Gloss=of|Ref=MAL_3:2!5|MId=o390030020051|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:390030020052;|Type=infinitive_construct 7 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=his.coming|Ref=MAL_3:2!5|MId=o390030020052|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 8-9 וּמִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:2!6|MId=o390030020061|Strong=2050b 9 מִ֥י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 11 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=MAL_3:2!6|MId=o390030020062|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 10-11 הָעֹמֵ֖ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=MAL_3:2!7|MId=o390030020071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 עֹמֵ֖ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 conj _ Gloss=[one.who.will].stand|Ref=MAL_3:2!7|MId=o390030020072|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:390030020062;|Type=participle_active 12-14 בְּהֵרָֽאוֹת֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=when|Ref=MAL_3:2!8|MId=o390030020081|Strong=0871a 13 הֵרָֽאוֹת רָאָה VERB _ HebBinyan=NIPHAL 11 advcl _ Gloss=appears|Ref=MAL_3:2!8|MId=o390030020082|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:390030020083;|Type=infinitive_construct 14 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=MAL_3:2!8|MId=o390030020083|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 15 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=MAL_3:2!9|MId=o390030020091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 16 הוּא֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=MAL_3:2!10|MId=o390030020101|Strong=1931|Type=personal 17-18 כְּאֵ֣שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=[is].like.[the]|Ref=MAL_3:2!11|MId=o390030020111|Strong=3509a 18 אֵ֣שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 3 advcl _ Gloss=fire|Ref=MAL_3:2!11|MId=o390030020112|Strong=0784 19 מְצָרֵ֔ף צָרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.refiner|Ref=MAL_3:2!12|MId=o390030020121|Strong=6884|Type=participle_active 20-22 וּכְבֹרִ֖ית _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:2!13|MId=o390030020131|Strong=2050b 21 כְ כְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=like.[the]|Ref=MAL_3:2!13|MId=o390030020132|Strong=3509a 22 בֹרִ֖ית בֹּרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 conj _ Gloss=soap|Ref=MAL_3:2!13|MId=o390030020133|Strong=1287 23 מְכַבְּסִֽים כָּבַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 22 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.washers|Ref=MAL_3:2!14|MId=o390030020141|Strong=3526|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 24 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 23 punct _ Ref=MAL_3:2!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: wh-question - act: ask - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְכַלְכֵּל *\[will\] endure* | participle active · pilpel | מִי *who?* | יוֹם *the day* | | | | בּוֹא *of* | infinitive construct · qal | וֹ *his coming* | | | | | עֹמֵד *\[one who will\] stand* | participle active · qal | מִי *who?* | | | | | הֵרָֽאוֹת *appears* | infinitive construct · niphal | | וֹ *he* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּמַן מְסוֹבַר יַת יוֹם מֵיתוֹהִי וּמַן יְקוּם בְּאִתְגַלְיוּתֵיהּ אֲרֵי רוּגְזֵיהּ כְּאֶשְׁתָּא מִמְסֵי וּכְבוֹרִיתָא דִמְחַוְרִין בָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But who may abide the day of his coming?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.43/) 2. [And who shall stand when he appeareth?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.44/) 3. [For he is like a refiner's fire, and like fullers' soap;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.45/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MAL:32`. - ← previous: [Malachi 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.1/) - next →: [Malachi 3:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.3/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/)