--- title: Malachi 3:21 — And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under th… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I do make, saith the LORD of hosts. Who acts: ye, calves, I, LORD. Malachi 3:21 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.21/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/) / 3:21 # Malachi 3:21 מַלְאָכִי **Who acts:** ye, calves, I, LORD · **What happens:** tread down, be, make, say · **To what, where:** wicked, ashes, soles, day · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Malachi 3:21 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, calves, I, LORD — and what happens in the verse to wicked, ashes, soles, day, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְעַסּוֹתֶ֣ם רְשָׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם בַּיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִ֣י עֹשֶׂ֔ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃פ [And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I do make, saith the LORD of hosts.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.69/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MAL:51 # text = וְעַסּוֹתֶ֣ם רְשָׁעִ֔ים כִּֽי־יִהְי֣וּ אֵ֔פֶר תַּ֖חַת כַּפּ֣וֹת רַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם בַּיּוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲנִ֣י עֹשֶׂ֔ה אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃פ # verse = MAL.3.21 1-2 וְעַסּוֹתֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:21!1|MId=o390030210011|Strong=2050b 2 עַסּוֹתֶ֣ם עָסַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 0 root _ Gloss=you.will.tread.down|Ref=MAL_3:21!1|MId=o390030210012|Strong=6072|Frame=A0:390030160152;A1:390030210021;|Type=weqatal 3 רְשָׁעִ֔ים רָשָׁע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obj _ Gloss=wicked.[people]|Ref=MAL_3:21!2|MId=o390030210021|Strong=7563|Type=adjective 4 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=MAL_3:21!3|MId=o390030210031|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 5 יִהְי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 6 cop _ Gloss=they.will.be|Ref=MAL_3:21!4|MId=o390030210041|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:390030210021;|Type=yiqtol 6 אֵ֔פֶר אֵפֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 advcl _ Gloss=ash[es]|Ref=MAL_3:21!5|MId=o390030210051|Strong=0665 7 תַּ֖חַת תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 6 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=MAL_3:21!6|MId=o390030210061|Strong=8478 8 כַּפּ֣וֹת כַּף NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.soles|Ref=MAL_3:21!7|MId=o390030210071|Strong=3709 9-10 רַגְלֵיכֶ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 רַגְלֵי רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.feet|Ref=MAL_3:21!8|MId=o390030210081|Strong=7272 10 כֶ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=MAL_3:21!8|MId=o390030210082|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 11-13 בַּיּוֹם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MAL_3:21!9|MId=o390030210091|Strong=0871a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=MAL_3:21!9|MId=o390030210091ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 יּוֹם֙ יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=day|Ref=MAL_3:21!9|MId=o390030210092|Strong=3117 14 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=when|Ref=MAL_3:21!10|MId=o390030210101|Strong=0834|Type=relative 15 אֲנִ֣י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=MAL_3:21!11|MId=o390030210111|Strong=0589|Type=personal 16 עֹשֶׂ֔ה עָשָׂה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 13 acl:relcl _ Gloss=[will.be].acting|Ref=MAL_3:21!12|MId=o390030210121|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:390030210111;|Type=participle_active 17 אָמַ֖ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=MAL_3:21!13|MId=o390030210131|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:390030210141;|Type=qatal 18 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=MAL_3:21!14|MId=o390030210141|Strong=3068 19 צְבָאֽוֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=MAL_3:21!15|MId=o390030210151|Strong=6635|SpaceAfter=No 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=MAL_3:21!15|SpaceAfter=No 21 פ פ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=MAL_3:21!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: request - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no - indirect: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | עַסּוֹתֶם *you will tread down* | weqatal · qal | | רְשָׁעִים *wicked \[people\]* | | | | יִהְיוּ *they will be* | yiqtol · qal | רְשָׁעִים *wicked \[people\]* | | | | | עֹשֶׂה *\[will be\] acting* | participle active · qal | אֲנִי *I* | | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וּתְדוּשׁוּן רַשִׁיעִין אֲרֵי יְהוֹן קִטְמָא תְּחוֹת פַּרְסָת רִגְלֵיכוֹן בְּיוֹמָא דִי אֲנָא עָבֵיד אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And ye shall tread down the wicked; for they shall be ashes under the soles of your feet in the day that I do make, saith the LORD of hosts.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.69/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MAL:51`. - ← previous: [Malachi 3:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.20/) - next →: [Malachi 3:22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.22/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/)