--- title: Malachi 3:24 — And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers; lest I come and smite the land with utter destruction. Who acts: Elijah, I. Malachi 3:24 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.24/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/) / 3:24 # Malachi 3:24 מַלְאָכִי **Who acts:** Elijah, I · **What happens:** turn, come, smite · **To what, where:** heart, land This is Malachi 3:24 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Elijah, I — and what happens in the verse to heart, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהֵשִׁ֤יב לֵב־אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וְלֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל־אֲבוֹתָ֑ם פֶּן־אָב֕וֹא וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ חֵֽרֶם׃ [And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers; lest I come and smite the land with utter destruction.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.72/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MAL:54 # text = וְהֵשִׁ֤יב לֵב־אָבוֹת֙ עַל־בָּנִ֔ים וְלֵ֥ב בָּנִ֖ים עַל־אֲבוֹתָ֑ם פֶּן־אָב֕וֹא וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י אֶת־הָאָ֖רֶץ חֵֽרֶם׃ # verse = MAL.3.24 1-2 וְהֵשִׁ֤יב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:24!1|MId=o390030240011|Strong=2050b 2 הֵשִׁ֤יב שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.turn.back|Ref=MAL_3:24!1|MId=o390030240012|Strong=7725|Frame=AA:390030230061;A0:390030240021;|Type=weqatal 3 לֵב־ לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=[the].heart|Ref=MAL_3:24!2|MId=o390030240021|Strong=3820|SpaceAfter=No 4 אָבוֹת֙ אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.fathers|Ref=MAL_3:24!3|MId=o390030240031|Strong=0001 5 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=MAL_3:24!4|MId=o390030240041|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 6 בָּנִ֔ים בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=sons|Ref=MAL_3:24!5|MId=o390030240051|Strong=1121 7-8 וְלֵ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=MAL_3:24!6|MId=o390030240061|Strong=2050b 8 לֵ֥ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=heart|Ref=MAL_3:24!6|MId=o390030240062|Strong=3820 9 בָּנִ֖ים בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.sons|Ref=MAL_3:24!7|MId=o390030240071|Strong=1121 10 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=MAL_3:24!8|MId=o390030240081|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 אֲבוֹתָ֑ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 אֲבוֹת אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=fathers|Ref=MAL_3:24!9|MId=o390030240091|Strong=0001 12 ָ֑ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=MAL_3:24!9|MId=o390030240092|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 13 פֶּן־ פֶּן SCONJ _ _ 14 mark _ Gloss=lest|Ref=MAL_3:24!10|MId=o390030240101|Strong=6435|SpaceAfter=No 14 אָב֕וֹא בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 2 advcl _ Gloss=I.should.come|Ref=MAL_3:24!11|MId=o390030240111|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:390030230111;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 וְהִכֵּיתִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:24!12|MId=o390030240121|Strong=2050b 16 הִכֵּיתִ֥י נָכָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 14 conj _ Gloss=I.will.strike|Ref=MAL_3:24!12|MId=o390030240122|Strong=5221|Frame=AA:390030230111;A0:390030240142;|Type=weqatal 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=MAL_3:24!13|MId=o390030240131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18-19 הָאָ֖רֶץ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=MAL_3:24!14|MId=o390030240141|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 אָ֖רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 obj _ Gloss=land|Ref=MAL_3:24!14|MId=o390030240142|Strong=0776 20 חֵֽרֶם חֵרֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=total.destruction|Ref=MAL_3:24!15|MId=o390030240151|Strong=2764|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=MAL_3:24!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הֵשִׁיב *he will turn back* | weqatal · hiphil | לֵב־ *\[the\] heart* | | | | | אָבוֹא *I should come* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | | הִכֵּיתִי *I will strike* | weqatal · hiphil | אָרֶץ *land* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיתִיב לֵב אֲבָהָן עַל בְּנִין וְלֵב בְּנַיָא עַל אֲבָהַתְהוֹן דִלְמָא אִתְגְלֵי וְאַשְׁכַּח כָּל אַרְעָא בְּחוֹבָהָא וְאָמְחִנָא גְמִירָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And he shall turn the heart of the fathers to the children, and the heart of the children to their fathers; lest I come and smite the land with utter destruction.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.72/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MAL:54`. - ← previous: [Malachi 3:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.23/) - next →: [Psalms 1:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/ketuvim/PSA.1.1/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/)