--- title: Malachi 3:5 — And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witne… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers; and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Malachi](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/) / 3:5 # Malachi 3:5 מַלְאָכִי **Who acts:** I, that, LORD · **What happens:** come, be, oppress, turn, not fear, say · **To what, where:** you, judgment, swift witness, hireling, wages, stranger · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Malachi 3:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, that, LORD — and what happens in the verse to you, judgment, swift witness, hireling, wages, stranger, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Malachi on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְקָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶם֮ לַמִּשְׁפָּט֒ וְהָיִ֣יתִי ׀ עֵ֣ד מְמַהֵ֗ר בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם וּמַטֵּי־גֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרֵא֔וּנִי אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ [And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers; and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not Me, saith the LORD of hosts.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.48/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MAL:35 # text = וְקָרַבְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶם֮ לַמִּשְׁפָּט֒ וְהָיִ֣יתִי ׀ עֵ֣ד מְמַהֵ֗ר בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים לַשָּׁ֑קֶר וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י שְׂכַר־שָׂ֠כִיר אַלְמָנָ֨ה וְיָת֤וֹם וּמַטֵּי־גֵר֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרֵא֔וּנִי אָמַ֖ר יְהוָ֥ה צְבָאֽוֹת׃ # verse = MAL.3.5 1-2 וְקָרַבְתִּ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:5!1|MId=o390030050011|Strong=2050b 2 קָרַבְתִּ֣י קָרַב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.draw.near|Ref=MAL_3:5!1|MId=o390030050012|Strong=7126|Frame=A0:390030040022;|Type=weqatal 3-4 אֲלֵיכֶם֮ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=MAL_3:5!2|MId=o390030050021|Strong=0413 4 כֶם֮ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=MAL_3:5!2|MId=o390030050022|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 5-7 לַמִּשְׁפָּט֒ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=MAL_3:5!3|MId=o390030050031|Strong=3807a 6 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=MAL_3:5!3|MId=o390030050031ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 מִּשְׁפָּט֒ מִשְׁפָּט NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=judgment|Ref=MAL_3:5!3|MId=o390030050032|Strong=4941 8-9 וְהָיִ֣יתִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 11 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:5!4|MId=o390030050041|Strong=2050b 9 הָיִ֣יתִי הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 11 cop _ Gloss=I.will.be|Ref=MAL_3:5!4|MId=o390030050042|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:390030040022;|Type=weqatal 10 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 9 punct _ Ref=MAL_3:5!4 11 עֵ֣ד עֵד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=a.witness|Ref=MAL_3:5!5|MId=o390030050051|Strong=5707 12 מְמַהֵ֗ר מָהַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 11 nmod _ Gloss=[who].hastens|Ref=MAL_3:5!6|MId=o390030050061|Strong=4116|Frame=A0:390030050051;|Type=participle_active 13-15 בַּֽמְכַשְּׁפִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MAL_3:5!7|MId=o390030050071|Strong=0871a 14 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 15 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=MAL_3:5!7|MId=o390030050071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 15 מְכַשְּׁפִים֙ כָּשַׁף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 11 advcl _ Gloss=sorcerers|Ref=MAL_3:5!7|MId=o390030050072|Strong=3784|Type=participle_active 16-19 וּבַמְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 19 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:5!8|MId=o390030050081|Strong=2050b 17 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MAL_3:5!8|MId=o390030050082|Strong=0871a 18 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 19 mark _ Gloss=the|Ref=MAL_3:5!8|MId=o390030050082ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 מְנָ֣אֲפִ֔ים נָאַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 15 conj _ Gloss=adulterers|Ref=MAL_3:5!8|MId=o390030050083|Strong=5003|Type=participle_active 20-23 וּבַנִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:5!9|MId=o390030050091|Strong=2050b 21 בַ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MAL_3:5!9|MId=o390030050092|Strong=0871a 22 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 23 mark _ Gloss=[those|Ref=MAL_3:5!9|MId=o390030050092ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 23 נִּשְׁבָּעִ֖ים שָׁבַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur 15 conj _ Gloss=who].swear.an.oath|Ref=MAL_3:5!9|MId=o390030050093|Strong=7650|Type=participle_active 24-26 לַשָּׁ֑קֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=MAL_3:5!10|MId=o390030050101|Strong=3807a 25 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=MAL_3:5!10|MId=o390030050101ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 שָּׁ֑קֶר שֶׁקֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=falsehood|Ref=MAL_3:5!10|MId=o390030050102|Strong=8267 27-29 וּבְעֹשְׁקֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:5!11|MId=o390030050111|Strong=2050b 28 בְ בְּ ADP _ _ 29 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MAL_3:5!11|MId=o390030050112|Strong=0871a 29 עֹשְׁקֵ֣י עָשַׁק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 15 conj _ Gloss=[those.who].defraud|Ref=MAL_3:5!11|MId=o390030050113|Strong=6231|Frame=A1:390030050121;390030050141;390030050152;|Type=participle_active 30 שְׂכַר־ שָׂכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).[the].hire|Ref=MAL_3:5!12|MId=o390030050121|Strong=7939|SpaceAfter=No 31 שָׂ֠כִיר שָׂכִיר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.hired.laborer|Ref=MAL_3:5!13|MId=o390030050131|Strong=7916|Type=adjective 32 אַלְמָנָ֨ה אַלְמָנָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 30 conj _ Gloss=a.widow|Ref=MAL_3:5!14|MId=o390030050141|Strong=0490 33-34 וְיָת֤וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:5!15|MId=o390030050151|Strong=2050b 34 יָת֤וֹם יָתוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 30 conj _ Gloss=a.fatherless.one|Ref=MAL_3:5!15|MId=o390030050152|Strong=3490 35-36 וּמַטֵּי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 36 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:5!16|MId=o390030050161|Strong=2050b 36 מַטֵּי־ נָטָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur 29 conj _ Gloss=[those.who].thrust.aside|Ref=MAL_3:5!16|MId=o390030050162|Strong=5186|Frame=A1:390030050171;|Type=participle_active 37 גֵר֙ גֵּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=(of).a.sojourner|Ref=MAL_3:5!17|MId=o390030050171|Strong=1616 38-39 וְלֹ֣א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 40 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MAL_3:5!18|MId=o390030050181|Strong=2050b 39 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 40 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=MAL_3:5!18|MId=o390030050182|Strong=3808|Type=negative 40-41 יְרֵא֔וּנִי _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 יְרֵא֔וּ יָרֵא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=MAL_3:5!19|MId=o390030050191|Strong=3372|Frame=A0:390030050073;390030050084;390030050094;390030050113;390030050162;A1:390030050192;|Type=qatal 41 נִי הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ Gloss=fear.me|Ref=MAL_3:5!19|MId=o390030050192|Strong=5204a|Type=pronominal 42 אָמַ֖ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=MAL_3:5!20|MId=o390030050201|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:390030050211;|Type=qatal 43 יְהוָ֥ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 42 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=MAL_3:5!21|MId=o390030050211|Strong=3068 44 צְבָאֽוֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=MAL_3:5!22|MId=o390030050221|Strong=6635|SpaceAfter=No 45 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 44 punct _ Ref=MAL_3:5!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | קָרַבְתִּי *I will draw near* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | הָיִיתִי *I will be* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | מְמַהֵר *\[who\] hastens* | participle active · piel | עֵד *a witness* | | | | | עֹשְׁקֵי *\[those who\] defraud* | participle active · qal | | שְׂכַר־ *(of) \[the\] hire* + אַלְמָנָה *a widow* + יָתוֹם *a fatherless one* | | | | מַטֵּי־ *\[those who\] thrust aside* | participle active · hiphil | | גֵר *(of) a sojourner* | | | | **not** יְרֵאוּ *they* | qatal · qal | עֹשְׁקֵי *\[those who\] defraud* + מַטֵּי־ *\[those who\] thrust aside* | נִי *fear me* | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאִתְגְלֵי עֲלֵיכוֹן לְמֶעְבַּד דִינָא וִיהֵי מֵימְרִי בְּכוֹן לְסָהִיד מוֹחִי בַּחֲרָשַׁיָא וּבְגָיְפִיָא וּבִדְמִשְׁתַּבְּעִין לְשִׁקְרָא וּבְאָנְסֵי אַגְרָא דַאֲגִירָא אַרְמְלָא וְיִתָּם וּמַסְטָן דִין גִיוֹרָא וְלָא דְחִילוּ מִן קֳדָמַי אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I will come near to you to judgment; and I will be a swift witness against the sorcerers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers; and against those that oppress the hireling in his wages, the widow, and the fatherless, and that turn aside the stranger from his right, and fear not Me, saith the LORD of hosts.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MAL.48/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MAL:35`. - ← previous: [Malachi 3:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.4/) - next →: [Malachi 3:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL.3.6/) - ↑ back to [Malachi 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MAL/3/)