--- title: Micah 1:1 — THE WORD of the LORD that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days o… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: THE WORD of the LORD that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem. Who acts: WORD, Judah. Micah 1:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Micah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/1/) / 1:1 # Micah 1:1 מִיכָה **Who acts:** WORD, Judah · **What happens:** come, see, word · **To what, where:** Micah, LORD This is Micah 1:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — WORD, Judah — and what happens in the verse to Micah, LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 7 chapters of Micah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־מִיכָה֙ הַמֹּ֣רַשְׁתִּ֔י בִּימֵ֥י יוֹתָ֛ם אָחָ֥ז יְחִזְקִיָּ֖ה מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־חָזָ֥ה עַל־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וִירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ [THE WORD of the LORD that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.0/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MIC:0 # text = דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־מִיכָה֙ הַמֹּ֣רַשְׁתִּ֔י בִּימֵ֥י יוֹתָ֛ם אָחָ֥ז יְחִזְקִיָּ֖ה מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה אֲשֶׁר־חָזָ֥ה עַל־שֹׁמְר֖וֹן וִירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ # verse = MIC.1.1 1 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=MIC_1:1!1|MId=o330010010011|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 2 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=MIC_1:1!2|MId=o330010010021|Strong=3068 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=MIC_1:1!2 4 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=MIC_1:1!3|MId=o330010010031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5 הָיָ֗ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 cop _ Gloss=it.came|Ref=MIC_1:1!4|MId=o330010010041|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:330010010011;|Type=qatal 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=MIC_1:1!5|MId=o330010010051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 מִיכָה֙ מִיכָה PROPN _ _ 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Micah|Ref=MIC_1:1!6|MId=o330010010061|Strong=4318 8-9 הַמֹּ֣רַשְׁתִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=MIC_1:1!7|MId=o330010010071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 מֹּ֣רַשְׁתִּ֔י מוֹרַשְׁתִּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=Morasthite|Ref=MIC_1:1!7|MId=o330010010072|Strong=4183|Type=gentilic 10-11 בִּימֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=MIC_1:1!8|MId=o330010010081|Strong=0871a 11 ימֵ֥י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=MIC_1:1!8|MId=o330010010082|Strong=3117 12 יוֹתָ֛ם יוֹתָם PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jotham|Ref=MIC_1:1!9|MId=o330010010091|Strong=3147 13 אָחָ֥ז אָחָז PROPN _ _ 12 conj _ Gloss=Ahaz|Ref=MIC_1:1!10|MId=o330010010101|Strong=0271 14 יְחִזְקִיָּ֖ה יְחִזְקִיָּה PROPN _ _ 12 conj _ Gloss=Hezekiah|Ref=MIC_1:1!11|MId=o330010010111|Strong=3169 15 מַלְכֵ֣י מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 appos _ Gloss=the.kings|Ref=MIC_1:1!12|MId=o330010010121|Strong=4428 16 יְהוּדָ֑ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=MIC_1:1!13|MId=o330010010131|Strong=3063 17 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=MIC_1:1!14|MId=o330010010141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 18 חָזָ֥ה חָזָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=he.saw|Ref=MIC_1:1!15|MId=o330010010151|Strong=2372|Frame=A0:330010010061;A1:330010010011;|Type=qatal 19 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MIC_1:1!16|MId=o330010010161|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 20 שֹׁמְר֖וֹן שֹׁמְרוֹן PROPN _ _ 18 obl _ Gloss=Samaria|Ref=MIC_1:1!17|MId=o330010010171|Strong=8111 21-22 וִירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וִ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_1:1!18|MId=o330010010181|Strong=2050b 22 ירֽוּשָׁלִָֽם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 20 conj _ Gloss=Jerusalem|Ref=MIC_1:1!18|MId=o330010010182|Strong=3389 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=MIC_1:1!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *it came* | qatal · qal | דְּבַר־ *the word* | | | | | חָזָה *he saw* | qatal · qal | מִיכָה *Micah* | דְּבַר־ *the word* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} פִּתְגַם נְבוּאָה מִן קֳדָם יְיָ דִי הֲוָה עִם מִיכָה מִמָרֵשָׁה בְּיוֹמֵי יוֹתָם אָחָז יְחִזְקִיָה מַלְכַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה דְאִתְנַבֵּי עַל שֹׁמְרוֹן וִירוּשְׁלֵם: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [THE WORD of the LORD that came to Micah the Morashtite in the days of Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah, which he saw concerning Samaria and Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.0/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MIC:0`. - ← previous: [Jonah 4:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JON.4.11/) - next →: [Micah 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.2/) - ↑ back to [Micah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/1/)