--- title: Micah 1:4 — And the mountains shall be molten under Him, and the valleys shall b… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And the mountains shall be molten under Him, and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, as waters that are poured down a steep place. Who acts: mountains, valleys. Micah 1:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Micah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/1/) / 1:4 # Micah 1:4 מִיכָה **Who acts:** mountains, valleys · **What happens:** be, pour down · **To what, where:** waters This is Micah 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — mountains, valleys — and what happens in the verse to waters, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 7 chapters of Micah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְנָמַ֤סּוּ הֶֽהָרִים֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו וְהָעֲמָקִ֖ים יִתְבַּקָּ֑עוּ כַּדּוֹנַג֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֵ֔שׁ כְּמַ֖יִם מֻגָּרִ֥ים בְּמוֹרָֽד׃ [And the mountains shall be molten under Him, and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, as waters that are poured down a steep place.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.3/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MIC:3 # text = וְנָמַ֤סּוּ הֶֽהָרִים֙ תַּחְתָּ֔יו וְהָעֲמָקִ֖ים יִתְבַּקָּ֑עוּ כַּדּוֹנַג֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י הָאֵ֔שׁ כְּמַ֖יִם מֻגָּרִ֥ים בְּמוֹרָֽד׃ # verse = MIC.1.4 1-2 וְנָמַ֤סּוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_1:4!1|MId=o330010040011|Strong=2050b 2 נָמַ֤סּוּ מָסַס VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.will.melt|Ref=MIC_1:4!1|MId=o330010040012|Strong=4549|Frame=A0:330010040022;|Type=weqatal 3-4 הֶֽהָרִים֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הֶֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=MIC_1:4!2|MId=o330010040021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 הָרִים֙ הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=MIC_1:4!2|MId=o330010040022|Strong=2022 5-6 תַּחְתָּ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 תַּחְתָּ֔י תַּחַת NOUN _ _ 2 obl _ Gloss=under|Ref=MIC_1:4!3|MId=o330010040031|Strong=8478 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=him|Ref=MIC_1:4!3|MId=o330010040032|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-9 וְהָעֲמָקִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_1:4!4|MId=o330010040041|Strong=2050b 8 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 9 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=MIC_1:4!4|MId=o330010040042|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 9 עֲמָקִ֖ים עֵמֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=valleys|Ref=MIC_1:4!4|MId=o330010040043|Strong=6010 10 יִתְבַּקָּ֑עוּ בָּקַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPAEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.be.cleft|Ref=MIC_1:4!5|MId=o330010040051|Strong=1234|Frame=A0:330010040043;|Type=yiqtol 11-13 כַּדּוֹנַג֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=MIC_1:4!6|MId=o330010040061|Strong=3509a 12 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=MIC_1:4!6|MId=o330010040061ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 דּוֹנַג֙ דּוֹנַג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 obl _ Gloss=wax|Ref=MIC_1:4!6|MId=o330010040062|Strong=1749 14-15 מִפְּנֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=MIC_1:4!7|MId=o330010040071|Strong=4480 15 פְּנֵ֣י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 nmod _ Gloss=before|Ref=MIC_1:4!7|MId=o330010040072|Strong=6440 16-17 הָאֵ֔שׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=MIC_1:4!8|MId=o330010040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 אֵ֔שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=fire|Ref=MIC_1:4!8|MId=o330010040082|Strong=0784 18-19 כְּמַ֖יִם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=MIC_1:4!9|MId=o330010040091|Strong=3509a 19 מַ֖יִם מַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=water|Ref=MIC_1:4!9|MId=o330010040092|Strong=4325 20 מֻגָּרִ֥ים נָגַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Plur 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=poured.out|Ref=MIC_1:4!10|MId=o330010040101|Strong=5064|Frame=A1:330010040092;|Type=participle_passive 21-22 בְּמוֹרָֽד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MIC_1:4!11|MId=o330010040111|Strong=0871a 22 מוֹרָֽד מוֹרָד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 obl _ Gloss=a.descent|Ref=MIC_1:4!11|MId=o330010040112|Strong=4174 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=MIC_1:4!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָמַסּוּ *they will melt* | weqatal · niphal | הָרִים *mountains* | | | | | יִתְבַּקָּעוּ *they will be cleft* | yiqtol · hithpael | עֲמָקִים *valleys* | | | | | מֻגָּרִים *poured out* | participle passive · hophal | | מַיִם *water* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְיִתְמְסוּן טוּרַיָא תְּחוֹתוֹהִי וּמֵשְׁרַיָא יִתְבַּזְעוּן כְּשָׁעִיתָא מִן קֳדָם נוּרָא כְּמַיָא דְאַשִׁידִין בְּמוֹדְרוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And the mountains shall be molten under Him, and the valleys shall be cleft, as wax before the fire, as waters that are poured down a steep place.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.3/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MIC:3`. - ← previous: [Micah 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.3/) - next →: [Micah 1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.1.5/) - ↑ back to [Micah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/1/)