--- title: Micah 2:3 — Therefore thus saith the LORD: Behold, against this family do I devi… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore thus saith the LORD: Behold, against this family do I devise an evil, from which ye shall not remove your necks, neither shall ye walk upright; for it shall be an evil time. Who acts: LORD, I, ye, evil. Micah 2:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.2.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Micah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/2/) / 2:3 # Micah 2:3 מִיכָה **Who acts:** LORD, I, ye, evil · **What happens:** say, devise, not remove, walk, be · **To what, where:** evil, necks, evil time · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Micah 2:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, I, ye, evil — and what happens in the verse to evil, necks, evil time, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 7 chapters of Micah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י חֹשֵׁ֛ב עַל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את רָעָ֑ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־תָמִ֨ישׁוּ מִשָּׁ֜ם צַוְּארֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְלֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ רוֹמָ֔ה כִּ֛י עֵ֥ת רָעָ֖ה הִֽיא׃ [Therefore thus saith the LORD: Behold, against this family do I devise an evil, from which ye shall not remove your necks, neither shall ye walk upright; for it shall be an evil time.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.21/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MIC:18 # text = לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֔ה הִנְנִ֥י חֹשֵׁ֛ב עַל־הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את רָעָ֑ה אֲ֠שֶׁר לֹֽא־תָמִ֨ישׁוּ מִשָּׁ֜ם צַוְּארֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם וְלֹ֤א תֵֽלְכוּ֙ רוֹמָ֔ה כִּ֛י עֵ֥ת רָעָ֖ה הִֽיא׃ # verse = MIC.2.3 1-2 לָכֵ֗ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=MIC_2:3!1|MId=o330020030011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵ֗ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=MIC_2:3!1|MId=o330020030012|Strong=3651 3 כֹּ֚ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=MIC_2:3!2|MId=o330020030021|Strong=3541 4 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=MIC_2:3!3|MId=o330020030031|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:330020030041;|Type=qatal 5 יְהוָ֔ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 4 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=MIC_2:3!4|MId=o330020030041|Strong=3068 6-7 הִנְנִ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הִנ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 8 nsubj _ Gloss=here|Ref=MIC_2:3!5|MId=o330020030051|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 7 ְנִ֥י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=MIC_2:3!5|MId=o330020030052|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 8 חֹשֵׁ֛ב חָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 ccomp _ Gloss=[am].planning|Ref=MIC_2:3!6|MId=o330020030061|Strong=2803|Frame=A0:330020030052;A1:330020030101;|Type=participle_active 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=MIC_2:3!7|MId=o330020030071|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10-11 הַמִּשְׁפָּחָ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=MIC_2:3!8|MId=o330020030081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 מִּשְׁפָּחָ֥ה מִשְׁפָּחָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=clan|Ref=MIC_2:3!8|MId=o330020030082|Strong=4940 12-13 הַזֹּ֖את _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=MIC_2:3!9|MId=o330020030091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 זֹּ֖את זֹאת DET _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 11 det _ Gloss=this|Ref=MIC_2:3!9|MId=o330020030092|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 14 רָעָ֑ה רָעָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 8 obj _ Gloss=calamity|Ref=MIC_2:3!10|MId=o330020030101|Strong=7451b 15 אֲ֠שֶׁר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 17 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=MIC_2:3!11|MId=o330020030111|Strong=0834|Type=relative 16 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=MIC_2:3!12|MId=o330020030121|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 17 תָמִ֨ישׁוּ מוּשׁ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=2 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=you.will.remove|Ref=MIC_2:3!13|MId=o330020030131|Strong=4185|Frame=AA:330020030082;A0:330020030151;|Type=yiqtol 18-19 מִשָּׁ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=MIC_2:3!14|MId=o330020030141|Strong=4480 19 שָּׁ֜ם שָׁם ADV _ _ 17 obl _ Gloss=there|Ref=MIC_2:3!14|MId=o330020030142|Strong=8033 20-21 צַוְּארֹֽתֵיכֶ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 צַוְּארֹֽתֵי צַוָּאר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 17 obj _ Gloss=necks|Ref=MIC_2:3!15|MId=o330020030151|Strong=6677 21 כֶ֗ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=MIC_2:3!15|MId=o330020030152|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 22-23 וְלֹ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_2:3!16|MId=o330020030161|Strong=2050b 23 לֹ֤א לֹא ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=MIC_2:3!16|MId=o330020030162|Strong=3808|Type=negative 24 תֵֽלְכוּ֙ הלך VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 8 conj _ Gloss=you.will.walk|Ref=MIC_2:3!17|MId=o330020030171|Strong=1980|Frame=A0:330020030082;|Type=yiqtol 25 רוֹמָ֔ה רוֹמָה ADV _ _ 24 advmod _ Gloss=haughtily|Ref=MIC_2:3!18|MId=o330020030181|Strong=7317 26 כִּ֛י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 27 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=MIC_2:3!19|MId=o330020030191|Strong=3588 27 עֵ֥ת עֵת NOUN _ Number=Sing 8 advcl _ Gloss=[will.be].a.time|Ref=MIC_2:3!20|MId=o330020030201|Strong=6256 28 רָעָ֖ה רַע ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 27 amod _ Gloss=evil|Ref=MIC_2:3!21|MId=o330020030211|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 29 הִֽיא הִיא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nsubj _ Gloss=it|Ref=MIC_2:3!22|MId=o330020030221|Strong=1931a|Type=personal|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=MIC_2:3!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | חֹשֵׁב *\[am\] planning* | participle active · qal | ְנִי *I* | רָעָה *calamity* | | | | **not** תָמִישׁוּ *you will remove* | yiqtol · hiphil | צַוְּארֹֽתֵי *necks* | | | מִּשְׁפָּחָה *clan* | | **not** תֵֽלְכוּ *you will walk* | yiqtol · qal | מִּשְׁפָּחָה *clan* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ הָא אֲנָא מַחְשֵׁיב עַל דָרָא הָדֵין בִּישָׁא דְלָא תַעְדוּן מִתַּמָן צַוְרֵיכוֹן וְלָא תַהֲכוּן בְּקוֹמָה זְקוּפָה אֲרֵי עִדָן בִּישׁ הוּא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore thus saith the LORD: Behold, against this family do I devise an evil, from which ye shall not remove your necks, neither shall ye walk upright; for it shall be an evil time.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.21/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MIC:18`. - ← previous: [Micah 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.2.2/) - next →: [Micah 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.2.4/) - ↑ back to [Micah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/2/)