--- title: Micah 4:3 — And He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide concerning… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide concerning mighty nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. Who acts: Jacob, nations, nation. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.4.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Micah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/) / [chapter 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/4/) / 4:3 # Micah 4:3 מִיכָה **Who acts:** Jacob, nations, nation · **What happens:** judge, decide, beat, not lift up, learn · **To what, where:** swords, plowshares, sword, nation, war This is Micah 4:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — Jacob, nations, nation — and what happens in the verse to swords, plowshares, sword, nation, war, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 7 chapters of Micah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשָׁפַ֗ט בֵּ֚ין עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְהוֹכִ֛יחַ לְגוֹיִ֥ם עֲצֻמִ֖ים עַד־רָח֑וֹק וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹֽא־יִשְׂא֞וּ גּ֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּן ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ [And He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide concerning mighty nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.51/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MIC:43 # text = וְשָׁפַ֗ט בֵּ֚ין עַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים וְהוֹכִ֛יחַ לְגוֹיִ֥ם עֲצֻמִ֖ים עַד־רָח֑וֹק וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹֽא־יִשְׂא֞וּ גּ֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּן ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃ # verse = MIC.4.3 1-2 וְשָׁפַ֗ט _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_4:3!1|MId=o330040030011|Strong=2050b 2 שָׁפַ֗ט שָׁפַט VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.will.judge|Ref=MIC_4:3!1|MId=o330040030012|Strong=8199|Frame=A0:330040020231;|Type=weqatal 3 בֵּ֚ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=MIC_4:3!2|MId=o330040030021|Strong=0996 4 עַמִּ֣ים עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 2 obl _ Gloss=peoples|Ref=MIC_4:3!3|MId=o330040030031|Strong=5971 5 רַבִּ֔ים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 amod _ Gloss=many|Ref=MIC_4:3!4|MId=o330040030041|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 6-7 וְהוֹכִ֛יחַ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_4:3!5|MId=o330040030051|Strong=2050b 7 הוֹכִ֛יחַ יָכַח VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.decide|Ref=MIC_4:3!5|MId=o330040030052|Strong=3198|Frame=A0:330040020231;|Type=weqatal 8-9 לְגוֹיִ֥ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=MIC_4:3!6|MId=o330040030061|Strong=3807a 9 גוֹיִ֥ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=nations|Ref=MIC_4:3!6|MId=o330040030062|Strong=1471 10 עֲצֻמִ֖ים עָצוּם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 amod _ Gloss=mighty|Ref=MIC_4:3!7|MId=o330040030071|Strong=6099|Type=adjective 11 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 12 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=MIC_4:3!8|MId=o330040030081|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 12 רָח֑וֹק רָחֹוק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nmod _ Gloss=far.away|Ref=MIC_4:3!9|MId=o330040030091|Strong=7350|Type=adjective 13-14 וְכִתְּת֨וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_4:3!10|MId=o330040030101|Strong=2050b 14 כִתְּת֨וּ כָּתַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.beat|Ref=MIC_4:3!10|MId=o330040030102|Strong=3807|Frame=A0:330040030031;330040030062;A1:330040030111;|Type=weqatal 15-16 חַרְבֹתֵיהֶ֜ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 חַרְבֹתֵי חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 obj _ Gloss=swords|Ref=MIC_4:3!11|MId=o330040030111|Strong=2719 16 הֶ֜ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=MIC_4:3!11|MId=o330040030112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 17-18 לְאִתִּ֗ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=MIC_4:3!12|MId=o330040030121|Strong=3807a 18 אִתִּ֗ים אֵת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=plowshares|Ref=MIC_4:3!12|MId=o330040030122|Strong=0855 19-21 וַחֲנִיתֹֽתֵיהֶם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_4:3!13|MId=o330040030131|Strong=2050b 20 חֲנִיתֹֽתֵי חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 14 conj _ Gloss=spears|Ref=MIC_4:3!13|MId=o330040030132|Strong=2595 21 הֶם֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 20 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=MIC_4:3!13|MId=o330040030133|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 22-23 לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=into|Ref=MIC_4:3!14|MId=o330040030141|Strong=3807a 23 מַזְמֵר֔וֹת מַזְמֵרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=pruning.knives|Ref=MIC_4:3!14|MId=o330040030142|Strong=4211 24 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 25 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=MIC_4:3!15|MId=o330040030151|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 25 יִשְׂא֞וּ נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.lift.up|Ref=MIC_4:3!16|MId=o330040030161|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:330040030171;A1:330040030201;|Type=yiqtol 26 גּ֤וֹי גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 nsubj _ Gloss=nation|Ref=MIC_4:3!17|MId=o330040030171|Strong=1471 27 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=MIC_4:3!18|MId=o330040030181|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 28 גּוֹי֙ גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 25 obl _ Gloss=nation|Ref=MIC_4:3!19|MId=o330040030191|Strong=1471 29 חֶ֔רֶב חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 obj _ Gloss=a.sword|Ref=MIC_4:3!20|MId=o330040030201|Strong=2719 30-31 וְלֹא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_4:3!21|MId=o330040030211|Strong=2050b 31 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=MIC_4:3!21|MId=o330040030212|Strong=3808|Type=negative 32-33 יִלְמְד֥וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 יִלְמְד֥וּ לָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=MIC_4:3!22|MId=o330040030221|Strong=3925|Frame=A0:330040030031;330040030062;A1:330040030241;|Type=yiqtol 33 ן נ X _ _ 32 nmod _ Gloss=will.learn|Ref=MIC_4:3!22|MId=o330040030222|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 34 ע֖וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 32 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=MIC_4:3!23|MId=o330040030231|Strong=5750 35 מִלְחָמָֽה מִלְחָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 obj _ Gloss=warfare|Ref=MIC_4:3!24|MId=o330040030241|Strong=4421|SpaceAfter=No 36 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 35 punct _ Ref=MIC_4:3!24 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁפַט *he will judge* | weqatal · qal | | | | | | הוֹכִיחַ *he will decide* | weqatal · hiphil | | | | | | כִתְּתוּ *they will beat* | weqatal · piel | עַמִּים *peoples* + גוֹיִם *nations* | חַרְבֹתֵי *swords* | | | | **not** יִשְׂאוּ *they will lift up* | yiqtol · qal | גּוֹי *nation* | חֶרֶב *a sword* | | | | **not** יִלְמְדוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | עַמִּים *peoples* + גוֹיִם *nations* | מִלְחָמָֽה *warfare* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִידִין בֵּין עַמְמִין סַגִיאִין וְיוֹכַח לְמַלְכִין תַּקִיפִין עַד עַלְמָא וִיעַפְפוּן סַיְפֵיהֶן לְסִכִּין וּמוֹרְנְיָתֵיהוֹן לְמַגְלִין לָא יִטְלוּן עַם בְּאַפֵּי עַם סַיְפִין וּזְיָן וְלָא יִתְאַלְפוּן עוֹד מִבְּכֵן קְרָבָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And He shall judge between many peoples, and shall decide concerning mighty nations afar off; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.51/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MIC:43`. - ← previous: [Micah 4:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.4.2/) - next →: [Micah 4:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.4.4/) - ↑ back to [Micah 4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/4/)