--- title: Micah 5:1 — But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the tho… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days. Who acts: thou, goings. Micah 5:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, J --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.5.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Micah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/) / [chapter 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/5/) / 5:1 # Micah 5:1 מִיכָה **Who acts:** thou, goings · **What happens:** be, come · **To what, where:** thee, ruler, Israel This is Micah 5:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — thou, goings — and what happens in the verse to thee, ruler, Israel, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 7 chapters of Micah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְאַתָּ֞ה בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶםבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם אֶפְרָ֗תָה צָעִיר֙ לִֽהְיוֹת֙ בְּאַלְפֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִמְּךָ֙ לִ֣י יֵצֵ֔א לִֽהְי֥וֹת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמוֹצָאֹתָ֥יו מִקֶּ֖דֶם מִימֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ [But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.64/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MIC:55 # text = וְאַתָּ֞ה בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶםבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם אֶפְרָ֗תָה צָעִיר֙ לִֽהְיוֹת֙ בְּאַלְפֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֔ה מִמְּךָ֙ לִ֣י יֵצֵ֔א לִֽהְי֥וֹת מוֹשֵׁ֖ל בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וּמוֹצָאֹתָ֥יו מִקֶּ֖דֶם מִימֵ֥י עוֹלָֽם׃ # verse = MIC.5.1 1-2 וְאַתָּ֞ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 6 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_5:1!1|MId=o330050010011|Strong=2050b 2 אַתָּ֞ה אַתָּה PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nsubj _ Gloss=you|Ref=MIC_5:1!1|MId=o330050010012|Strong=0859|Type=personal 3-4 בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶםבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם בֵּית־לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 6 dislocated _ Gloss=O|Ref=MIC_5:1!2|MId=o330050010021 4 בֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם בֵּית־לֶחֶם PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Bethlehem|Ref=MIC_5:1!3|MId=o330050010031 5 אֶפְרָ֗תָה אֶפְרָתָה PROPN _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=Ephrathah|Ref=MIC_5:1!4|MId=o330050010041|Strong=0672b 6 צָעִיר֙ צָעִיר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[are].insignificant|Ref=MIC_5:1!5|MId=o330050010051|Strong=6810|Type=adjective 7-8 לִֽהְיוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=MIC_5:1!6|MId=o330050010061|Strong=3807a 8 הְיוֹת֙ הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 cop _ Gloss=be|Ref=MIC_5:1!6|MId=o330050010062|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:330050010031;|Type=infinitive_construct 9-10 בְּאַלְפֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=among|Ref=MIC_5:1!7|MId=o330050010071|Strong=0871a 10 אַלְפֵ֣י אֶלֶף NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=the.families|Ref=MIC_5:1!7|MId=o330050010072|Strong=0505a|Type=cardinal_number 11 יְהוּדָ֔ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=MIC_5:1!8|MId=o330050010081|Strong=3063 12-13 מִמְּךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=MIC_5:1!9|MId=o330050010091|Strong=4480 13 ְךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=MIC_5:1!9|MId=o330050010092|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 14-15 לִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 ל לְ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=MIC_5:1!10|MId=o330050010101|Strong=3807a 15 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=MIC_5:1!10|MId=o330050010102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 16 יֵצֵ֔א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 6 parataxis _ Gloss=someone.will.go.out|Ref=MIC_5:1!11|MId=o330050010111|Strong=3318|Frame=A0:;|Type=yiqtol 17-18 לִֽהְי֥וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 לִֽ לְ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=MIC_5:1!12|MId=o330050010121|Strong=3807a 18 הְי֥וֹת הָיָה AUX _ HebBinyan=QAL 19 cop _ Gloss=be|Ref=MIC_5:1!12|MId=o330050010122|Strong=1961|Type=infinitive_construct 19 מוֹשֵׁ֖ל מָשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 16 advcl _ Gloss=ruler|Ref=MIC_5:1!13|MId=o330050010131|Strong=4910|Type=participle_active 20-21 בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=MIC_5:1!14|MId=o330050010141|Strong=0871a 21 יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=Israel|Ref=MIC_5:1!14|MId=o330050010142|Strong=3478 22-24 וּמוֹצָאֹתָ֥יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=MIC_5:1!15|MId=o330050010151|Strong=2050b 23 מוֹצָאֹתָ֥י מוֹצָאָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 26 nsubj _ Gloss=origins|Ref=MIC_5:1!15|MId=o330050010152|Strong=4163 24 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=MIC_5:1!15|MId=o330050010153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25-26 מִקֶּ֖דֶם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=[are].from|Ref=MIC_5:1!16|MId=o330050010161|Strong=4480 26 קֶּ֖דֶם קֶדֶם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=antiquity|Ref=MIC_5:1!16|MId=o330050010162|Strong=6924 27-28 מִימֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=MIC_5:1!17|MId=o330050010171|Strong=4480 28 ימֵ֥י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 nmod _ Gloss=days|Ref=MIC_5:1!17|MId=o330050010172|Strong=3117 29 עוֹלָֽם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 28 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.antiquity|Ref=MIC_5:1!18|MId=o330050010181|Strong=5769|SpaceAfter=No 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=MIC_5:1!18 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הְיוֹת *be* | infinitive construct · qal | בֵּֽית־לֶחֶם *Bethlehem* | | | | | יֵצֵא *someone will go out* | yiqtol · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאַתְּ בֵּית לֶחֶם אֶפְרָתָה כִּזְעֵיר הֲוֵיתָא לְאִתְמַנָאָה בְּאַלְפַיָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה מִנָךְ קֳדָמַי יִפּוֹק מְשִׁיחָא לְמֶהֱוֵי עֲבֵיד שׁוּלְטַן עַל יִשְׂרָאֵל דִי שְׁמֵיהּ אָמִיר מִלְקָדְמִין מִיוֹמֵי עָלְמָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [But thou, Beth-lehem Ephrathah, which art little to be among the thousands of Judah, out of thee shall one come forth unto Me that is to be ruler in Israel; whose goings forth are from of old, from ancient days.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.64/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MIC:55`. - ← previous: [Micah 4:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.4.14/) - next →: [Micah 5:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.5.2/) - ↑ back to [Micah 5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/5/)