--- title: Micah 7:4 — The best of them is as a brier; the most upright is worse than a tho… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The best of them is as a brier; the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge; the day of thy watchmen, even thy visitation, is come; now shall be their perplexity. Who acts: best, upright, day, thy. Micah 7:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every c --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.7.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Micah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/) / [chapter 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/7/) / 7:4 # Micah 7:4 מִיכָה **Who acts:** best, upright, day, thy · **What happens:** be, come, visit · **To what, where:** perplexity This is Micah 7:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — best, upright, day, thy — and what happens in the verse to perplexity, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 7 chapters of Micah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. טוֹבָ֣ם כְּחֵ֔דֶק יָשָׁ֖ר מִמְּסוּכָ֑ה י֤וֹם מְצַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ פְּקֻדָּתְךָ֣ בָ֔אָה עַתָּ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה מְבוּכָתָֽם׃ [The best of them is as a brier; the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge; the day of thy watchmen, even thy visitation, is come; now shall be their perplexity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.101/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:MIC:88 # text = טוֹבָ֣ם כְּחֵ֔דֶק יָשָׁ֖ר מִמְּסוּכָ֑ה י֤וֹם מְצַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ פְּקֻדָּתְךָ֣ בָ֔אָה עַתָּ֥ה תִהְיֶ֖ה מְבוּכָתָֽם׃ # verse = MIC.7.4 1-2 טוֹבָ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 טוֹב טוֹב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=their.good|Ref=MIC_7:4!1|MId=o330070040011|Strong=2896|Type=adjective 2 ָ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=person|Ref=MIC_7:4!1|MId=o330070040012|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 3-4 כְּחֵ֔דֶק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=[is].like|Ref=MIC_7:4!2|MId=o330070040021|Strong=3509a 4 חֵ֔דֶק חֵדֶק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=a.thorn-bush|Ref=MIC_7:4!2|MId=o330070040022|Strong=2312 5 יָשָׁ֖ר יָשָׁר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 nsubj _ Gloss=an.upright.[person]|Ref=MIC_7:4!3|MId=o330070040031|Strong=3477|Type=adjective 6-7 מִמְּסוּכָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=more|Ref=MIC_7:4!4|MId=o330070040041|Strong=4480 7 מְּסוּכָ֑ה מְסוּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=than.a.thorn.hedge|Ref=MIC_7:4!4|MId=o330070040042|Strong=4534 8 י֤וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=MIC_7:4!5|MId=o330070040051|Strong=3117 9-10 מְצַפֶּ֙יךָ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מְצַפֶּ֙י צָפָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=MIC_7:4!6|MId=o330070040061|Strong=6822|Type=participle_active 10 ךָ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your.watchmen|Ref=MIC_7:4!6|MId=o330070040062|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 11-12 פְּקֻדָּתְךָ֣ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 פְּקֻדָּת פְּקֻדָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 13 nsubj _ Gloss=punishment|Ref=MIC_7:4!7|MId=o330070040071|Strong=6486 12 ְךָ֣ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=MIC_7:4!7|MId=o330070040072|Strong=3509b|Type=pronominal 13 בָ֔אָה בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=it.has.come|Ref=MIC_7:4!8|MId=o330070040081|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:330070040071;|Type=qatal 14 עַתָּ֥ה עַתָּה ADV _ _ 15 advmod _ Gloss=now|Ref=MIC_7:4!9|MId=o330070040091|Strong=6258 15 תִהְיֶ֖ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=MIC_7:4!10|MId=o330070040101|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:330070040111;|Type=yiqtol 16-17 מְבוּכָתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 מְבוּכָת מְבוּכָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=confusion|Ref=MIC_7:4!11|MId=o330070040111|Strong=3998 17 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=MIC_7:4!11|MId=o330070040112|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=MIC_7:4!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | בָאָה *it has come* | qatal · qal | פְּקֻדָּת *punishment* | | | | | תִהְיֶה *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | מְבוּכָת *confusion* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} טָבָא דִבְהוֹן קָשֵׁי לְמִפַּק מִן יְדֵיהּ כַּד מִן חִדְקָא וּדְקָשֵׁיט בְּהוֹן מִסְיוּגַת סְיַג בִּישׁ יוֹם סִבּוּרָךְ לְטַב עִדַן סְעוּרַת בִּישְׁתָךְ מְטַת כְּעַן יְהֵי עֲרָבוּ לְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The best of them is as a brier; the most upright is worse than a thorn hedge; the day of thy watchmen, even thy visitation, is come; now shall be their perplexity.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/MIC.101/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:MIC:88`. - ← previous: [Micah 7:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.7.3/) - next →: [Micah 7:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC.7.5/) - ↑ back to [Micah 7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/MIC/7/)