--- title: Nahum 1:12 — Thus saith the LORD: Though they be in full strength, and likewise m… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD: Though they be in full strength, and likewise many, even so shall they be cut down, and he shall pass away; and though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more. Who acts: LORD, hills, I. Nahum 1:12 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the p --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/1/) / 1:12 # Nahum 1:12 נַחוּם **Who acts:** LORD, hills, I · **What happens:** say, be, cut down, pass away, afflict · **To what, where:** full strength, hills, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nahum 1:12 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, hills, I — and what happens in the verse to full strength, hills, thee, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־שְׁלֵמִים֙ וְכֵ֣ן רַבִּ֔ים וְכֵ֥ן נָגֹ֖זּוּ וְעָבָ֑ר וְעִ֨נִּתִ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אֲעַנֵּ֖ךְ עֽוֹד׃ [Thus saith the LORD: Though they be in full strength, and likewise many, even so shall they be cut down, and he shall pass away; and though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.15/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:11 # text = כֹּ֣ה ׀ אָמַ֣ר יְהוָ֗ה אִם־שְׁלֵמִים֙ וְכֵ֣ן רַבִּ֔ים וְכֵ֥ן נָגֹ֖זּוּ וְעָבָ֑ר וְעִ֨נִּתִ֔ךְ לֹ֥א אֲעַנֵּ֖ךְ עֽוֹד׃ # verse = NAM.1.12 1 כֹּ֣ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=NAM_1:12!1|MId=o340010120011|Strong=3541 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=NAM_1:12!1 3 אָמַ֣ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=NAM_1:12!2|MId=o340010120021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:340010120031;|Type=qatal 4 יְהוָ֗ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 3 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=NAM_1:12!3|MId=o340010120031|Strong=3068 5 אִם־ אִם SCONJ _ _ 6 mark _ Gloss=though|Ref=NAM_1:12!4|MId=o340010120041|Strong=0518|SpaceAfter=No 6 שְׁלֵמִים֙ שָׁלֵם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 advcl _ Gloss=complete|Ref=NAM_1:12!5|MId=o340010120051|Strong=8003|Type=adjective 7-8 וְכֵ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_1:12!6|MId=o340010120061|Strong=2050b 8 כֵ֣ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 9 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=NAM_1:12!6|MId=o340010120062|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 9 רַבִּ֔ים רַב ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 conj _ Gloss=numerous|Ref=NAM_1:12!7|MId=o340010120071|Strong=7227|Type=adjective 10-11 וְכֵ֥ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 12 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_1:12!8|MId=o340010120081|Strong=2050b 11 כֵ֥ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 12 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=NAM_1:12!8|MId=o340010120082|Strong=3651|Type=demonstrative 12 נָגֹ֖זּוּ גָּזַז VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 3 ccomp _ Gloss=they.will.be.cut.off|Ref=NAM_1:12!9|MId=o340010120091|Strong=1494|Frame=A1:340010010021;|Type=qatal 13-14 וְעָבָ֑ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_1:12!10|MId=o340010120101|Strong=2050b 14 עָבָ֑ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 12 conj _ Gloss=he.will.pass.away|Ref=NAM_1:12!10|MId=o340010120102|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:340010010021;|Type=qatal 15-17 וְעִ֨נִּתִ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_1:12!11|MId=o340010120111|Strong=2050b 16 עִ֨נִּתִ֔ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 12 conj _ Gloss=I|Ref=NAM_1:12!11|MId=o340010120112|Strong=6031|Frame=A0:340010120031;A1:340010120113;|Type=qatal 17 ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 16 obj _ Gloss=have.afflicted.you|Ref=NAM_1:12!11|MId=o340010120113|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 18 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NAM_1:12!12|MId=o340010120121|Strong=3808|Type=negative 19-20 אֲעַנֵּ֖ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 אֲעַנּ עָנָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 16 ccomp _ Gloss=I|Ref=NAM_1:12!13|MId=o340010120131|Strong=6031|Frame=A0:340010120031;A1:340010120132;|Type=yiqtol 20 ֵ֖ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ Gloss=will.afflict.you|Ref=NAM_1:12!13|MId=o340010120132|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 21 עֽוֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 19 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=NAM_1:12!14|MId=o340010120141|Strong=5750|SpaceAfter=No 22 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 21 punct _ Ref=NAM_1:12!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | נָגֹזּוּ *they will be cut off* | qatal · niphal | | | | | | עָבָר *he will pass away* | qatal · qal | | | | | | עִנִּתִ *I* | qatal · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ךְ *have afflicted you* | | | | **not** אֲעַנּ *I* | yiqtol · piel | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | ֵךְ *will afflict you* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ אִם יְהוֹן שְׁלֵימִין בְּעֵיצָה וְסַגִיאִין בְּאִתְמְנָיוּתָא עַמְמַיָא דְמִתְכַּנְשִׁין לַאֲעָקָא לִיךְ יְרוּשְׁלֵם וִיגוֹזוּן יַת דִגְלַת וְיֶעְבְּרוּן יַת פְּרָת וְיֵיתוּן לְעַנָיוּתָךְ וּדְשַׁעְבַּדְתִּיךְ לָא אַשַׁעְבְּדִנָךְ עוֹד: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD: Though they be in full strength, and likewise many, even so shall they be cut down, and he shall pass away; and though I have afflicted thee, I will afflict thee no more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.15/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:11`. - ← previous: [Nahum 1:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.11/) - next →: [Nahum 1:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.13/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/1/)