--- title: Nahum 2:1 — Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that announceth peace! Keep thy feasts, O Judah, perform thy vows; for the wicked one shall no more pass through thee; he is utterly cut off. Who acts: feet, that, you, wicked one. Nahum 2:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Tar --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/) / 2:1 # Nahum 2:1 נַחוּם **Who acts:** feet, that, you, wicked one, thy · **What happens:** bring, announce, keep, perform, pass, cut off · **To what, where:** good tidings, peace, feasts, vows, thee, Judah This is Nahum 2:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — feet, that, you, wicked one, thy — and what happens in the verse to good tidings, peace, feasts, vows, thee, Judah, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנֵּ֨ה עַל־הֶהָרִ֜ים רַגְלֵ֤י מְבַשֵּׂר֙ מַשְׁמִ֣יעַ שָׁל֔וֹם חָגִּ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה חַגַּ֖יִךְ שַׁלְּמִ֣י נְדָרָ֑יִךְ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוֹסִ֥יף ע֛וֹד לַֽעֲבָר־בָּ֥ךְ בְּלִיַּ֖עַל כֻּלֹּ֥ה נִכְרָֽת׃ [Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that announceth peace!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.18/) [Keep thy feasts, O Judah, perform thy vows; for the wicked one shall no more pass through thee; he is utterly cut off.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.19/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:14 # text = הִנֵּ֨ה עַל־הֶהָרִ֜ים רַגְלֵ֤י מְבַשֵּׂר֙ מַשְׁמִ֣יעַ שָׁל֔וֹם חָגִּ֧י יְהוּדָ֛ה חַגַּ֖יִךְ שַׁלְּמִ֣י נְדָרָ֑יִךְ כִּי֩ לֹ֨א יוֹסִ֥יף ע֛וֹד לַֽעֲבָר־בָּ֥ךְ בְּלִיַּ֖עַל כֻּלֹּ֥ה נִכְרָֽת׃ # verse = NAM.2.1 1 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 4 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=NAM_2:1!1|MId=o340020010011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 2 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NAM_2:1!2|MId=o340020010021|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 3-4 הֶהָרִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הֶ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NAM_2:1!3|MId=o340020010031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 הָרִ֜ים הַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=mountains|Ref=NAM_2:1!3|MId=o340020010032|Strong=2022 5 רַגְלֵ֤י רֶגֶל NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 4 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].feet|Ref=NAM_2:1!4|MId=o340020010041|Strong=7272 6 מְבַשֵּׂר֙ בָּשַׂר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[one.who].bears.news|Ref=NAM_2:1!5|MId=o340020010051|Strong=1319|Type=participle_active 7 מַשְׁמִ֣יעַ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 6 appos _ Gloss=[one.who].proclaims|Ref=NAM_2:1!6|MId=o340020010061|Strong=8085|Frame=A1:340020010071;|Type=participle_active 8 שָׁל֔וֹם שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obj _ Gloss=peace|Ref=NAM_2:1!7|MId=o340020010071|Strong=7965 9 חָגִּ֧י חָגַג VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=celebrate.a.festival|Ref=NAM_2:1!8|MId=o340020010081|Strong=2287|Frame=A0:340020010091;A1:340020010101;|Type=imperative 10 יְהוּדָ֛ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 9 dislocated _ Gloss=O.Judah|Ref=NAM_2:1!9|MId=o340020010091|Strong=3063 11-12 חַגַּ֖יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 חַגַּ֖י חַג NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 9 obj _ Gloss=festivals|Ref=NAM_2:1!10|MId=o340020010101|Strong=2282 12 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_2:1!10|MId=o340020010102|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 13 שַׁלְּמִ֣י שָׁלֵם VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=2 4 parataxis _ Gloss=pay|Ref=NAM_2:1!11|MId=o340020010111|Strong=7999|Frame=A0:340020010091;A1:340020010121;|Type=imperative 14-15 נְדָרָ֑יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 נְדָרָ֑י נֶדֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obj _ Gloss=vows|Ref=NAM_2:1!12|MId=o340020010121|Strong=5088 15 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_2:1!12|MId=o340020010122|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 16 כִּי֩ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 18 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=NAM_2:1!13|MId=o340020010131|Strong=3588 17 לֹ֨א לֹא ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NAM_2:1!14|MId=o340020010141|Strong=3808|Type=negative 18 יוֹסִ֥יף יָסַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 advcl _ Gloss=he.will.repeat|Ref=NAM_2:1!15|MId=o340020010151|Strong=3254|Frame=A0:340020010201;|Type=yiqtol 19 ע֛וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 18 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=NAM_2:1!16|MId=o340020010161|Strong=5750 20-21 לַֽעֲבָר־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NAM_2:1!18|MId=o340020010181|Strong=3807a 21 עֲבָר־ עָבַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 18 xcomp _ Gloss=pass|Ref=NAM_2:1!18|MId=o340020010182|Strong=5674|Frame=A0:340020010201;|Type=infinitive_construct 22-23 בָּ֥ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 בּ בְּ ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NAM_2:1!19|MId=o340020010191|Strong=0871a 23 ָ֥ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 21 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=NAM_2:1!19|MId=o340020010192|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 24 בְּלִיַּ֖עַל בְּלִיַּעַל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ Gloss=a.worthless.person|Ref=NAM_2:1!20|MId=o340020010201|Strong=1100 25-26 כֻּלֹּ֥ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 כֻּלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=of.him|Ref=NAM_2:1!21|MId=o340020010211|Strong=3605 26 ֹ֥ה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 25 nmod:poss _ Gloss=all|Ref=NAM_2:1!21|MId=o340020010212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 27 נִכְרָֽת כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.be.cut.off|Ref=NAM_2:1!22|MId=o340020010221|Strong=3772|Frame=A1:340020010212;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 28 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 27 punct _ Ref=NAM_2:1!22 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מַשְׁמִיעַ *\[one who\] proclaims* | participle active · hiphil | | שָׁלוֹם *peace* | | | | חָגִּי *celebrate a festival* | imperative · qal | יְהוּדָה *O Judah* | חַגַּי *festivals* | | | | שַׁלְּמִי *pay* | imperative · piel | יְהוּדָה *O Judah* | נְדָרָי *vows* | | | | **not** יוֹסִיף *he will repeat* | yiqtol · hiphil | בְּלִיַּעַל *a worthless person* | | | | | עֲבָר־ *pass* | infinitive construct · qal | בְּלִיַּעַל *a worthless person* | | | | | נִכְרָֽת *it will be cut off* | qatal · niphal | | ֹה *all* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא עַל טוּרֵי אַרְעָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל רַגְלֵי מְבַשֵׂר מַשְׁמַע שְׁלַם חוֹגִי יְהוּדָה חַגֵךְ שַׁלִימִי נִדְרֵךְ אֲרֵי לָא יוֹסְפוּן עוֹד דְיֶעְדוּן בִּיךְ רַשִׁיעִין כּוּלְהוֹן אֶשְׁתַּצִיאוּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that announceth peace!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.18/) 2. [Keep thy feasts, O Judah, perform thy vows; for the wicked one shall no more pass through thee; he is utterly cut off.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.19/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:14`. - ← previous: [Nahum 1:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.1.14/) - next →: [Nahum 2:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.2/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/)