--- title: Nahum 2:11 — She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the kn… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and convulsion is in all loins, and the faces of them all have gathered blackness. Who acts: end, heart, knees, convulsion. Nahum 2:11 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.11/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/) / 2:11 # Nahum 2:11 נַחוּם **Who acts:** end, heart, knees, convulsion, faces · **What happens:** be, melt, smite, gather · **To what, where:** loins, blackness This is Nahum 2:11 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — end, heart, knees, convulsion, faces — and what happens in the verse to loins, blackness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בּוּקָ֥ה וּמְבוּקָ֖ה וּמְבֻלָּקָ֑ה וְלֵ֨ב נָמֵ֜ס וּפִ֣ק בִּרְכַּ֗יִם וְחַלְחָלָה֙ בְּכָל־מָתְנַ֔יִם וּפְנֵ֥י כֻלָּ֖ם קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃ [She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and convulsion is in all loins, and the faces of them all have gathered blackness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.29/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:24 # text = בּוּקָ֥ה וּמְבוּקָ֖ה וּמְבֻלָּקָ֑ה וְלֵ֨ב נָמֵ֜ס וּפִ֣ק בִּרְכַּ֗יִם וְחַלְחָלָה֙ בְּכָל־מָתְנַ֔יִם וּפְנֵ֥י כֻלָּ֖ם קִבְּצ֥וּ פָארֽוּר׃ # verse = NAM.2.11 1 בּוּקָ֥ה בּוּקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=emptiness|Ref=NAM_2:11!1|MId=o340020110011|Strong=0950 2-3 וּמְבוּקָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 3 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:11!2|MId=o340020110021|Strong=2050b 3 מְבוּקָ֖ה מְבוּקָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=emptiness|Ref=NAM_2:11!2|MId=o340020110022|Strong=4003 4-5 וּמְבֻלָּקָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:11!3|MId=o340020110031|Strong=2050b 5 מְבֻלָּקָ֑ה בָּלַק NOUN _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=devastation|Ref=NAM_2:11!3|MId=o340020110032|Strong=1110|Type=participle_passive 6-7 וְלֵ֨ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:11!4|MId=o340020110041|Strong=2050b 7 לֵ֨ב לֵב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=a.heart|Ref=NAM_2:11!4|MId=o340020110042|Strong=3820 8 נָמֵ֜ס מָסַס VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=melting|Ref=NAM_2:11!5|MId=o340020110051|Strong=4549|Frame=A0:340020110042;|Type=qatal 9-10 וּפִ֣ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:11!6|MId=o340020110061|Strong=2050b 10 פִ֣ק פִּק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=tottering|Ref=NAM_2:11!6|MId=o340020110062|Strong=6375 11 בִּרְכַּ֗יִם בֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Dual 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.knees|Ref=NAM_2:11!7|MId=o340020110071|Strong=1290 12-13 וְחַלְחָלָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 15 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:11!8|MId=o340020110081|Strong=2050b 13 חַלְחָלָה֙ חַלְחָלָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 15 nsubj _ Gloss=anguish|Ref=NAM_2:11!8|MId=o340020110082|Strong=2479 14-15 בְּכָל־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 15 case _ Gloss=[is].in|Ref=NAM_2:11!9|MId=o340020110091|Strong=0871a 15 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=all|Ref=NAM_2:11!9|MId=o340020110092|Strong=3605 16 מָתְנַ֔יִם מׇתְנַיִם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Dual 15 compound:smixut _ Gloss=loins|Ref=NAM_2:11!10|MId=o340020110101|Strong=4975 17-18 וּפְנֵ֥י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 21 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:11!11|MId=o340020110111|Strong=2050b 18 פְנֵ֥י פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ Gloss=the.faces|Ref=NAM_2:11!11|MId=o340020110112|Strong=6440 19-20 כֻלָּ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כֻלּ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=all.of.them|Ref=NAM_2:11!12|MId=o340020110121|Strong=3605 20 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NAM_2:11!12|MId=o340020110122|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 21 קִבְּצ֥וּ קָבַץ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 conj _ Gloss=they.have.gathered|Ref=NAM_2:11!13|MId=o340020110131|Strong=6908|Frame=A0:340020110112;A1:340020110141;|Type=qatal 22 פָארֽוּר פָּארוּר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 21 obj _ Gloss=a.glow|Ref=NAM_2:11!14|MId=o340020110141|Strong=6289|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=NAM_2:11!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נָמֵס *melting* | qatal · niphal | לֵב *a heart* | | | | | קִבְּצוּ *they have gathered* | qatal · piel | פְנֵי *the faces* | פָארֽוּר *a glow* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּזִיזָא וּמִתְבַּזְזָא וּפְתִיחַ תַּרְעָא לְסָנְאָה וְלֵב מְסֵי וְנִקוּשׁ רְכוּבִין וְזִיוּעַ בְּכָל חַרְצִין וְאַפֵּי כּוּלְהוֹן אִתְחַפִּיאוּ אִכְּרוּם אוֹכָמִין כְּקִידְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [She is empty, and void, and waste; and the heart melteth, and the knees smite together, and convulsion is in all loins, and the faces of them all have gathered blackness.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.29/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:24`. - ← previous: [Nahum 2:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.10/) - next →: [Nahum 2:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.12/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/)