--- title: Nahum 2:13 — The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his caves with prey, and his dens with ravin. Who acts: lion. Nahum 2:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/) / 2:13 # Nahum 2:13 נַחוּם **Who acts:** lion · **What happens:** tear, strangle, fill · **To what, where:** pieces, caves This is Nahum 2:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — lion — and what happens in the verse to pieces, caves, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַרְיֵ֤ה טֹרֵף֙ בְּדֵ֣י גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יו וּמְחַנֵּ֖ק לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יו וַיְמַלֵּא־טֶ֣רֶף חֹרָ֔יו וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יו טְרֵפָֽה׃ [The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his caves with prey, and his dens with ravin.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.31/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:26 # text = אַרְיֵ֤ה טֹרֵף֙ בְּדֵ֣י גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יו וּמְחַנֵּ֖ק לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יו וַיְמַלֵּא־טֶ֣רֶף חֹרָ֔יו וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יו טְרֵפָֽה׃ # verse = NAM.2.13 1 אַרְיֵ֤ה אַרְיֵה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].lion|Ref=NAM_2:13!1|MId=o340020130011|Strong=0738a 2 טֹרֵף֙ טָרַף VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[was].tearing|Ref=NAM_2:13!2|MId=o340020130021|Strong=2963|Frame=A0:340020130011;|Type=participle_active 3-4 בְּדֵ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NAM_2:13!3|MId=o340020130031|Strong=0871a 4 דֵ֣י דַּי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.sufficiency|Ref=NAM_2:13!3|MId=o340020130032|Strong=1767 5-6 גֹֽרוֹתָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 גֹֽרוֹתָ֔י גּוֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=its.cubs|Ref=NAM_2:13!4|MId=o340020130041|Strong=1484 6 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=NAM_2:13!4|MId=o340020130042|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 7-8 וּמְחַנֵּ֖ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:13!5|MId=o340020130051|Strong=2050b 8 מְחַנֵּ֖ק חָנַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=[it.was].strangling|Ref=NAM_2:13!5|MId=o340020130052|Strong=2614|Frame=A0:340020130011;|Type=participle_active 9-11 לְלִבְאֹתָ֑יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NAM_2:13!6|MId=o340020130061|Strong=3807a 10 לִבְאֹתָ֑י לְבָאָה NOUN _ Number=Plur 8 obl _ Gloss=lionesses|Ref=NAM_2:13!6|MId=o340020130062|Strong=3833a 11 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=NAM_2:13!6|MId=o340020130063|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 12-13 וַיְמַלֵּא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:13!7|MId=o340020130071|Strong=2050b 13 יְמַלֵּא־ מָלֵא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=it.filled|Ref=NAM_2:13!7|MId=o340020130072|Strong=4390|Frame=A0:340020130011;A1:340020130091;|Type=wayyiqtol 14 טֶ֣רֶף טֶרֶף NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=prey|Ref=NAM_2:13!8|MId=o340020130081|Strong=2964 15-16 חֹרָ֔יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 חֹרָ֔י חֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 obj _ Gloss=holes|Ref=NAM_2:13!9|MId=o340020130091|Strong=2356 16 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=NAM_2:13!9|MId=o340020130092|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-19 וּמְעֹֽנֹתָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 18 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:13!10|MId=o340020130101|Strong=2050b 18 מְעֹֽנֹתָ֖י מָעֹון NOUN _ Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=dens|Ref=NAM_2:13!10|MId=o340020130102|Strong=4585 19 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=NAM_2:13!10|MId=o340020130103|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20 טְרֵפָֽה טְרֵיפָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 obl _ Gloss=torn.flesh|Ref=NAM_2:13!11|MId=o340020130111|Strong=2966|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=NAM_2:13!11 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | טֹרֵף *\[was\] tearing* | participle active · qal | אַרְיֵה *\[the\] lion* | | | | | מְחַנֵּק *\[it was\] strangling* | participle active · piel | אַרְיֵה *\[the\] lion* | | | | | יְמַלֵּא־ *it filled* | wayyiqtol · piel | אַרְיֵה *\[the\] lion* | חֹרָי *holes* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} מַלְכַיָא מַיְתָן חֲטוֹף לִנְשֵׁיהוֹן וּבִזַיָא לִבְנֵיהוֹן וּמְמַלָן אוֹצְרֵיהוֹן חֲטוֹף וּבִרְנְיָתֵיהוֹן בִּזָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The lion did tear in pieces enough for his whelps, and strangled for his lionesses, and filled his caves with prey, and his dens with ravin.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.31/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:26`. - ← previous: [Nahum 2:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.12/) - next →: [Nahum 2:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.14/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/)