--- title: Nahum 2:4 — The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in sca… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver. Who acts: valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD. Nahum 2:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/) / 2:4 # Nahum 2:4 נַחוּם **Who acts:** valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD · **What happens:** make, be, quiver, prepare · **To what, where:** shield, scarlet, fire, cypress spears This is Nahum 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — valiant men, chariots, cypress spears, LORD — and what happens in the verse to shield, scarlet, fire, cypress spears, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מָגֵ֨ן גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּ מְאָדָּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֙יִל֙ מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָד֥וֹת הָרֶ֖כֶב בְּי֣וֹם הֲכִינ֑וֹ וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖ים הָרְעָֽלוּ׃ [The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.22/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:17 # text = מָגֵ֨ן גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּ מְאָדָּ֗ם אַנְשֵׁי־חַ֙יִל֙ מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָד֥וֹת הָרֶ֖כֶב בְּי֣וֹם הֲכִינ֑וֹ וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖ים הָרְעָֽלוּ׃ # verse = NAM.2.4 1 מָגֵ֨ן מָגֵן NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=the.shield|Ref=NAM_2:4!1|MId=o340020040011|Strong=4043 2-3 גִּבֹּרֵ֜יהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 גִּבֹּרֵ֜י גִּבּוֹר ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of|Ref=NAM_2:4!2|MId=o340020040021|Strong=1368|Type=adjective 3 הוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his.warriors|Ref=NAM_2:4!2|MId=o340020040022|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 4 מְאָדָּ֗ם אָדֹם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=[is].dyed.red|Ref=NAM_2:4!3|MId=o340020040031|Strong=0119|Frame=A1:340020040011;|Type=participle_passive 5 אַנְשֵׁי־ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Gloss=men|Ref=NAM_2:4!4|MId=o340020040041|Strong=0376|SpaceAfter=No 6 חַ֙יִל֙ חַיִל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.strength|Ref=NAM_2:4!5|MId=o340020040051|Strong=2428 7 מְתֻלָּעִ֔ים תָּלַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Plur 4 parataxis _ Gloss=[are].clothed.in.scarlet|Ref=NAM_2:4!6|MId=o340020040061|Strong=8529|Frame=A1:340020040041;|Type=participle_passive 8-9 בְּאֵשׁ־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=[are].in|Ref=NAM_2:4!7|MId=o340020040071|Strong=0871a 9 אֵשׁ־ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=fire|Ref=NAM_2:4!7|MId=o340020040072|Strong=0784 10 פְּלָד֥וֹת פְּלָדֹת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.iron(s)|Ref=NAM_2:4!8|MId=o340020040081|Strong=6393 11-12 הָרֶ֖כֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 12 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NAM_2:4!9|MId=o340020040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 12 רֶ֖כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 nsubj _ Gloss=chariotry|Ref=NAM_2:4!9|MId=o340020040092|Strong=7393 13-14 בְּי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 14 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NAM_2:4!10|MId=o340020040101|Strong=0871a 14 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obl _ Gloss=the.day|Ref=NAM_2:4!10|MId=o340020040102|Strong=3117 15-16 הֲכִינ֑וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הֲכִינ כּוּן VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 14 acl _ Gloss=prepares|Ref=NAM_2:4!11|MId=o340020040111|Strong=3559|Frame=A0:340020040112;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 ֑וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=NAM_2:4!11|MId=o340020040112|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-19 וְהַבְּרֹשִׁ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 20 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_2:4!12|MId=o340020040121|Strong=2050b 18 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NAM_2:4!12|MId=o340020040122|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 בְּרֹשִׁ֖ים בְּרוֹשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 nsubj _ Gloss=cypresses|Ref=NAM_2:4!12|MId=o340020040123|Strong=1265 20 הָרְעָֽלוּ רָעַל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HOPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.have.been.made.to.quiver|Ref=NAM_2:4!13|MId=o340020040131|Strong=7477|Frame=A1:340020040123;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=NAM_2:4!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | מְאָדָּם *\[is\] dyed red* | participle passive · pual | | מָגֵן *the shield* | | | | מְתֻלָּעִים *\[are\] clothed in scarlet* | participle passive · pual | | אַנְשֵׁי־ *men* | | | | הֲכִינ *prepares* | infinitive construct · hiphil | וֹ *he* | | | | | הָרְעָֽלוּ *they have been made to quiver* | qatal · hophal | | בְּרֹשִׁים *cypresses* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} תְּרִיסֵי גִבָּרֵיהוֹן מְסַמְקִין גַבְרֵי עָבְדֵי קְרָבָא לְבִישִׁין דְזָהֲרִיתָא בְּאֶשְׁתָּא פִּילֵי רְתִיכֵיהוֹן זַמִינִין לְיוֹם קִשׁוּטֵיהוֹן וְרַבָּנֵי מַשִׁרְיָתְהוֹן מְסַרְבְּלִין בְּצִבְעוֹנִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The shield of his mighty men is made red, the valiant men are in scarlet; the chariots are fire of steel in the day of his preparation, and the cypress spears are made to quiver.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.22/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:17`. - ← previous: [Nahum 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.3/) - next →: [Nahum 2:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.5/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/)