--- title: Nahum 2:5 — The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against anot… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against another in the broad places; the appearance of them is like torches, they run to and fro like the lightnings. Who acts: chariots, appearance. Nahum 2:5 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.5/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/) / 2:5 # Nahum 2:5 נַחוּם **Who acts:** chariots, appearance · **What happens:** rush, jostle, be, run · **To what, where:** streets, one, broad places This is Nahum 2:5 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — chariots, appearance — and what happens in the verse to streets, one, broad places, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. בַּֽחוּצוֹת֙ יִתְהוֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּן בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶן֙ כַּלַּפִּידִ֔ם כַּבְּרָקִ֖ים יְרוֹצֵֽצוּ׃ [The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against another in the broad places; the appearance of them is like torches, they run to and fro like the lightnings.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.23/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:18 # text = בַּֽחוּצוֹת֙ יִתְהוֹלְל֣וּ הָרֶ֔כֶב יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּן בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת מַרְאֵיהֶן֙ כַּלַּפִּידִ֔ם כַּבְּרָקִ֖ים יְרוֹצֵֽצוּ׃ # verse = NAM.2.5 1-3 בַּֽחוּצוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 בַּֽ בְּ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NAM_2:5!1|MId=o340020050011|Strong=0871a 2 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NAM_2:5!1|MId=o340020050011ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 חוּצוֹת֙ חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 obl _ Gloss=streets|Ref=NAM_2:5!1|MId=o340020050012|Strong=2351 4 יִתְהוֹלְל֣וּ הָלַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPOLEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=they.drive.madly|Ref=NAM_2:5!2|MId=o340020050021|Strong=1984b|Frame=A0:340020050032;|Type=yiqtol 5-6 הָרֶ֔כֶב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 6 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NAM_2:5!3|MId=o340020050031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 6 רֶ֔כֶב רֶכֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=chariotry|Ref=NAM_2:5!3|MId=o340020050032|Strong=7393 7-8 יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁק֖וּ שָׁקַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HITHPALPEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=NAM_2:5!4|MId=o340020050041|Strong=8264|Frame=A0:340020050032;|Type=yiqtol 8 ן נ X _ _ 7 nmod _ Gloss=rush.around|Ref=NAM_2:5!4|MId=o340020050042|Strong=4993b|Type=paragogic_nun 9-11 בָּרְחֹב֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 בָּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NAM_2:5!5|MId=o340020050051|Strong=0871a 10 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the.open|Ref=NAM_2:5!5|MId=o340020050051ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 רְחֹב֑וֹת רְחֹב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=places|Ref=NAM_2:5!5|MId=o340020050052|Strong=7339 12-13 מַרְאֵיהֶן֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 מַרְאֵי מַרְאֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=appearance|Ref=NAM_2:5!6|MId=o340020050061|Strong=4758 13 הֶן֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 12 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NAM_2:5!6|MId=o340020050062|Strong=2004|Type=pronominal 14-16 כַּלַּפִּידִ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=[are].like|Ref=NAM_2:5!7|MId=o340020050071|Strong=3509a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=NAM_2:5!7|MId=o340020050071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 לַּפִּידִ֔ם לַפִּיד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 4 parataxis _ Gloss=torches|Ref=NAM_2:5!7|MId=o340020050072|Strong=3940 17-19 כַּבְּרָקִ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 כַּ כְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=like.(the)|Ref=NAM_2:5!8|MId=o340020050081|Strong=3509a 18 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 19 det _ Gloss=lightning|Ref=NAM_2:5!8|MId=o340020050081ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 19 בְּרָקִ֖ים בָּרָק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=flashes|Ref=NAM_2:5!8|MId=o340020050082|Strong=1300 20 יְרוֹצֵֽצוּ רוּץ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POLEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.run.around|Ref=NAM_2:5!9|MId=o340020050091|Strong=7323|Frame=A0:340020050032;|Type=yiqtol|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=NAM_2:5!9 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יִתְהוֹלְלוּ *they drive madly* | yiqtol · hithpolel | רֶכֶב *chariotry* | | | | | יִֽשְׁתַּקְשְׁקוּ *they* | yiqtol · hithpalpel | רֶכֶב *chariotry* | | | | | יְרוֹצֵֽצוּ *they run around* | yiqtol · polel | רֶכֶב *chariotry* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּשׁוּקַיָא מִשְׁתַּגְשְׁגִין רְתִיכַיָא קַל נִקוּשׁ זְיָנֵיהוֹן מִשְׁתְּמַע בִּרְחוֹבֵי קִרְוַיָא חֶזְוֵיהוֹן כִּבְעוּרִין כִּבְרָקִין טְרִידִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The chariots rush madly in the streets, they jostle one against another in the broad places; the appearance of them is like torches, they run to and fro like the lightnings.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.23/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:18`. - ← previous: [Nahum 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.4/) - next →: [Nahum 2:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.2.6/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/2/)