--- title: Nahum 3:13 — Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy land are set wide open unto thine enemies; the fire hath devoured thy bars. Who acts: people, fire. Nahum 3:13 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.13/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/3/) / 3:13 # Nahum 3:13 נַחוּם **Who acts:** people, fire · **What happens:** be, set, devour · **To what, where:** women, gates, bars This is Nahum 3:13 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — people, fire — and what happens in the verse to women, gates, bars, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִנֵּ֨ה עַמֵּ֤ךְ נָשִׁים֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔ךְ לְאֹ֣יְבַ֔יִךְ פָּת֥וֹחַ נִפְתְּח֖וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֣י אַרְצֵ֑ךְ אָכְלָ֥ה אֵ֖שׁ בְּרִיחָֽיִך׃ [Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy land are set wide open unto thine enemies; the fire hath devoured thy bars.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.46/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:40 # text = הִנֵּ֨ה עַמֵּ֤ךְ נָשִׁים֙ בְּקִרְבֵּ֔ךְ לְאֹ֣יְבַ֔יִךְ פָּת֥וֹחַ נִפְתְּח֖וּ שַׁעֲרֵ֣י אַרְצֵ֑ךְ אָכְלָ֥ה אֵ֖שׁ בְּרִיחָֽיִך׃ # verse = NAM.3.13 1 הִנֵּ֨ה הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 4 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=NAM_3:13!1|MId=o340030130011|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 2-3 עַמֵּ֤ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ Gloss=people|Ref=NAM_3:13!2|MId=o340030130021|Strong=5971 3 ֵ֤ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 2 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_3:13!2|MId=o340030130022|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 4 נָשִׁים֙ אִשָּׁה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=[are].women|Ref=NAM_3:13!3|MId=o340030130031|Strong=0802 5-7 בְּקִרְבֵּ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 6 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NAM_3:13!4|MId=o340030130041|Strong=0871a 6 קִרְבּ קֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 obl _ Gloss=midst|Ref=NAM_3:13!4|MId=o340030130042|Strong=7130 7 ֵ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_3:13!4|MId=o340030130043|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 8-10 לְאֹ֣יְבַ֔יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NAM_3:13!5|MId=o340030130051|Strong=3807a 9 אֹ֣יְבַ֔י אָיַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 12 obl _ Gloss=enemies|Ref=NAM_3:13!5|MId=o340030130052|Strong=0341|Type=participle_active 10 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 9 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_3:13!5|MId=o340030130053|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 11 פָּת֥וֹחַ פָּתַח VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 12 obl:npmod _ Gloss=wide.(open)|Ref=NAM_3:13!6|MId=o340030130061|Strong=6605|Type=infinitive_absolute 12 נִפְתְּח֖וּ פָּתַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=they.will.be.opened|Ref=NAM_3:13!7|MId=o340030130071|Strong=6605|Frame=A1:340030130081;|Type=qatal 13 שַׁעֲרֵ֣י שַׁעַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=the.gates|Ref=NAM_3:13!8|MId=o340030130081|Strong=8179 14-15 אַרְצֵ֑ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 אַרְצ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=your.land|Ref=NAM_3:13!9|MId=o340030130091|Strong=0776 15 ֵ֑ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 14 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_3:13!9|MId=o340030130092|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 16 אָכְלָ֥ה אָכַל VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 4 parataxis _ Gloss=it.will.consume|Ref=NAM_3:13!10|MId=o340030130101|Strong=0398|Frame=A0:340030130111;A1:340030130121;|Type=qatal 17 אֵ֖שׁ אֵשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=fire|Ref=NAM_3:13!11|MId=o340030130111|Strong=0784 18-19 בְּרִיחָֽיִך _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 בְּרִיחָֽי בְּרִיחַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 16 obj _ Gloss=bars|Ref=NAM_3:13!12|MId=o340030130121|Strong=1280 19 ִך הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_3:13!12|MId=o340030130122|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 20 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 19 punct _ Ref=NAM_3:13!12 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִפְתְּחוּ *they will be opened* | qatal · niphal | | שַׁעֲרֵי *the gates* | | | | אָכְלָה *it will consume* | qatal · qal | אֵשׁ *fire* | בְּרִיחָֽי *bars* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא עַמֵךְ חֲלָשִׁין כִּנְשַׁיָא בְּגַוִיךְ לְבַעֲלֵי דְבָבַיִךְ אִתְפְּתָחוּ תַּרְעֵי אַרְעֵיךְ אָכְלַת אֶשְׁתָּא תּוּקְפִיךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Behold, thy people in the midst of thee are women; the gates of thy land are set wide open unto thine enemies; the fire hath devoured thy bars.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.46/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:40`. - ← previous: [Nahum 3:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.12/) - next →: [Nahum 3:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.14/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/3/)