--- title: Nahum 3:17 — Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy marshals as the swarms of gr… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy marshals as the swarms of grasshoppers, which camp in the walls in the cold day, but when the sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they are. Who acts: crowned, swarms, sun. Nahum 3:17 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonatha --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.17/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/3/) / 3:17 # Nahum 3:17 נַחוּם **Who acts:** crowned, swarms, sun · **What happens:** be, camp, arise, flee away, not know · **To what, where:** walls, place This is Nahum 3:17 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — crowned, swarms, sun — and what happens in the verse to walls, place, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. מִנְּזָרַ֙יִךְ֙ כָּֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְטַפְסְרַ֖יִךְ כְּג֣וֹב גֹּבָ֑י הַֽחוֹנִ֤ים בַּגְּדֵרוֹת֙ בְּי֣וֹם קָרָ֔ה שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ זָֽרְחָה֙ וְנוֹדַ֔ד וְלֹֽא־נוֹדַ֥ע מְקוֹמ֖וֹ אַיָּֽם׃ [Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy marshals as the swarms of grasshoppers, which camp in the walls in the cold day, but when the sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they are.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.50/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:44 # text = מִנְּזָרַ֙יִךְ֙ כָּֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה וְטַפְסְרַ֖יִךְ כְּג֣וֹב גֹּבָ֑י הַֽחוֹנִ֤ים בַּגְּדֵרוֹת֙ בְּי֣וֹם קָרָ֔ה שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ זָֽרְחָה֙ וְנוֹדַ֔ד וְלֹֽא־נוֹדַ֥ע מְקוֹמ֖וֹ אַיָּֽם׃ # verse = NAM.3.17 1-2 מִנְּזָרַ֙יִךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 מִנְּזָרַ֙י מִנְּזָרִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 nsubj _ Gloss=courtiers|Ref=NAM_3:17!1|MId=o340030170011|Strong=4502 2 ִךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 1 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_3:17!1|MId=o340030170012|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 3-5 כָּֽאַרְבֶּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כָּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 5 case _ Gloss=[are].like|Ref=NAM_3:17!2|MId=o340030170021|Strong=3509a 4 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NAM_3:17!2|MId=o340030170021ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 אַרְבֶּ֔ה אַרְבֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=locust|Ref=NAM_3:17!2|MId=o340030170022|Strong=0697 6-8 וְטַפְסְרַ֖יִךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_3:17!3|MId=o340030170031|Strong=2050b 7 טַפְסְרַ֖י טִפְסָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 nsubj _ Gloss=officials|Ref=NAM_3:17!3|MId=o340030170032|Strong=2951 8 ִךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=NAM_3:17!3|MId=o340030170033|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 9-10 כְּג֣וֹב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=[are].like|Ref=NAM_3:17!4|MId=o340030170041|Strong=3509a 10 ג֣וֹב גּוֹב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 5 conj _ Gloss=a.locust|Ref=NAM_3:17!4|MId=o340030170042|Strong=1462 11 גֹּבָ֑י גֹּבַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.locust[s]|Ref=NAM_3:17!5|MId=o340030170051|Strong=1462a 12-13 הַֽחוֹנִ֤ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הַֽ הַ SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=[which]|Ref=NAM_3:17!6|MId=o340030170061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 חוֹנִ֤ים חָנָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 10 appos _ Gloss=encamp|Ref=NAM_3:17!6|MId=o340030170062|Strong=2583|Frame=A0:340030170042;|Type=participle_active 14-16 בַּגְּדֵרוֹת֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=NAM_3:17!7|MId=o340030170071|Strong=0871a 15 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NAM_3:17!7|MId=o340030170071ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 גְּדֵרוֹת֙ גְּדֵרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 13 obl _ Gloss=walls|Ref=NAM_3:17!7|MId=o340030170072|Strong=1448 17-18 בְּי֣וֹם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=NAM_3:17!8|MId=o340030170081|Strong=0871a 18 י֣וֹם יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 obl _ Gloss=a.day|Ref=NAM_3:17!8|MId=o340030170082|Strong=3117 19 קָרָ֔ה קָרָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.coldness|Ref=NAM_3:17!9|MId=o340030170091|Strong=7135 20 שֶׁ֤מֶשׁ שֶׁמֶשׁ NOUN _ Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ Gloss=[the].sun|Ref=NAM_3:17!10|MId=o340030170101|Strong=8121 21 זָֽרְחָה֙ זָרַח VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 parataxis _ Gloss=it.rises|Ref=NAM_3:17!11|MId=o340030170111|Strong=2224|Frame=A0:340030170101;|Type=qatal 22-23 וְנוֹדַ֔ד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_3:17!12|MId=o340030170121|Strong=2050b 23 נוֹדַ֔ד נָדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=POAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.flees|Ref=NAM_3:17!12|MId=o340030170122|Strong=5074|Frame=A0:340030170042;|Type=qatal 24-25 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_3:17!13|MId=o340030170131|Strong=2050b 25 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 26 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=NAM_3:17!13|MId=o340030170132|Strong=3808|Type=negative 26 נוֹדַ֥ע יָדַע VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 5 conj _ Gloss=it.is.known|Ref=NAM_3:17!14|MId=o340030170141|Strong=3045|Frame=A1:340030170151;|Type=qatal 27-28 מְקוֹמ֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 מְקוֹמ מָקוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nsubj _ Gloss=place|Ref=NAM_3:17!15|MId=o340030170151|Strong=4725 28 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=NAM_3:17!15|MId=o340030170152|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 29-30 אַיָּֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 אַיּ אַי PART _ _ 27 acl _ Gloss=where.[are]|Ref=NAM_3:17!16|MId=o340030170161|Strong=0335|Type=interrogative 30 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ Gloss=they?|Ref=NAM_3:17!16|MId=o340030170162|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 31 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 30 punct _ Ref=NAM_3:17!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | חוֹנִים *encamp* | participle active · qal | גוֹב *a locust* | | | | | זָֽרְחָה *it rises* | qatal · qal | שֶׁמֶשׁ *\[the\] sun* | | | | | נוֹדַד *it flees* | qatal · poal | גוֹב *a locust* | | | | | **not** נוֹדַע *it is known* | qatal · niphal | | מְקוֹמ *place* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} הָא טַסַךְ מְצַלְהַבִין כְּגוֹבָא וְטַפְסְרַיִךְ כִּזְחִיל גוֹבָאֵי דִי שְׁרָן בְּכָתְלַיָא בְּיוֹם קָרֵיר דְכַד שִׁמְשָׁא דָנְחָא עֲלֵיהוֹן מִתְבַּדְרִין וְלָא אִתְיְדַע אָתְרֵיהוֹן לְאָן עַרְקִין: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thy crowned are as the locusts, and thy marshals as the swarms of grasshoppers, which camp in the walls in the cold day, but when the sun ariseth they flee away, and their place is not known where they are.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.50/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:44`. - ← previous: [Nahum 3:16](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.16/) - next →: [Nahum 3:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.18/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/3/)