--- title: Nahum 3:3 — The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering sp… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses; Who acts: end, corpses. Nahum 3:3 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.3/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/3/) / 3:3 # Nahum 3:3 נַחוּם **Who acts:** end, corpses · **What happens:** be, stumble · **To what, where:** corpses This is Nahum 3:3 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — end, corpses — and what happens in the verse to corpses, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. פָּרָ֣שׁ מַעֲלֶ֗ה וְלַ֤הַב חֶ֙רֶב֙ וּבְרַ֣ק חֲנִ֔ית וְרֹ֥ב חָלָ֖ל וְכֹ֣בֶד פָּ֑גֶר וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֙צֶה֙ לַגְּוִיָּ֔ה וְכָשְׁל֖וּ בִּגְוִיָּתָֽם׃ [The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.36/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:30 # text = פָּרָ֣שׁ מַעֲלֶ֗ה וְלַ֤הַב חֶ֙רֶב֙ וּבְרַ֣ק חֲנִ֔ית וְרֹ֥ב חָלָ֖ל וְכֹ֣בֶד פָּ֑גֶר וְאֵ֥ין קֵ֙צֶה֙ לַגְּוִיָּ֔ה וְכָשְׁל֖וּ בִּגְוִיָּתָֽם׃ # verse = NAM.3.3 1 פָּרָ֣שׁ פָּרָשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 nsubj _ Gloss=a.horseman|Ref=NAM_3:3!1|MId=o340030030011|Strong=6571 2 מַעֲלֶ֗ה עָלָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=bringing.up|Ref=NAM_3:3!2|MId=o340030030021|Strong=5927|Frame=A0:340030030011;|Type=participle_active 3-4 וְלַ֤הַב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 4 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=NAM_3:3!3|MId=o340030030031|Strong=2050b 4 לַ֤הַב לַהַב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=blade|Ref=NAM_3:3!3|MId=o340030030032|Strong=3851 5 חֶ֙רֶב֙ חֶרֶב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.sword|Ref=NAM_3:3!4|MId=o340030030041|Strong=2719 6-7 וּבְרַ֣ק _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 7 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=NAM_3:3!5|MId=o340030030051|Strong=2050b 7 בְרַ֣ק בָּרָק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=lightning.flash|Ref=NAM_3:3!5|MId=o340030030052|Strong=1300 8 חֲנִ֔ית חֲנִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 7 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.spear|Ref=NAM_3:3!6|MId=o340030030061|Strong=2595 9-10 וְרֹ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=NAM_3:3!7|MId=o340030030071|Strong=2050b 10 רֹ֥ב רֹב NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=multitude|Ref=NAM_3:3!7|MId=o340030030072|Strong=7230 11 חָלָ֖ל חָלָל ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.[the].slain|Ref=NAM_3:3!8|MId=o340030030081|Strong=2491|Type=adjective 12-13 וְכֹ֣בֶד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 13 cc _ Gloss=and.[the]|Ref=NAM_3:3!9|MId=o340030030091|Strong=2050b 13 כֹ֣בֶד כֹּבֶד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 conj _ Gloss=weight|Ref=NAM_3:3!9|MId=o340030030092|Strong=3514 14 פָּ֑גֶר פֶּגֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.corpse[s]|Ref=NAM_3:3!10|MId=o340030030101|Strong=6297 15-16 וְאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_3:3!11|MId=o340030030111|Strong=2050b 16 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 2 conj _ Gloss=there.[is].not|Ref=NAM_3:3!11|MId=o340030030112|Strong=0369|Type=negative 17 קֵ֙צֶה֙ קֵצֶה NOUN _ Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=an.end|Ref=NAM_3:3!12|MId=o340030030121|Strong=7097a 18-20 לַגְּוִיָּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NAM_3:3!13|MId=o340030030131|Strong=3807a 19 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 20 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=NAM_3:3!13|MId=o340030030131ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 20 גְּוִיָּ֔ה גְּוִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=corpse[s]|Ref=NAM_3:3!13|MId=o340030030132|Strong=1472 21-22 וְכָשְׁל֖וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 22 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_3:3!15|MId=o340030030151|Strong=2050b 22 כָשְׁל֖וּ כָּשַׁל VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=people.will.stumble|Ref=NAM_3:3!15|MId=o340030030152|Strong=3782|Frame=A0:340020040041;|Type=qatal 23-25 בִּגְוִיָּתָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=over|Ref=NAM_3:3!16|MId=o340030030161|Strong=0871a 24 גְוִיָּת גְּוִיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 22 obl _ Gloss=corpse[s]|Ref=NAM_3:3!16|MId=o340030030162|Strong=1472 25 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=NAM_3:3!16|MId=o340030030163|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 26 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 25 punct _ Ref=NAM_3:3!16 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **not** מַעֲלֶה *bringing up* | participle active · hiphil | פָּרָשׁ *a horseman* | | | | | כָשְׁלוּ *people will stumble* | qatal · qal | | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} פָּרַשׁ מַסִיק וּלְהוֹב וְצַלְהוּב סַיְפִין וְצִחְצוּחַ מוּרְנִין וּסְגִי קְטִילִין וַהֲמוֹן פִּגְרִין לֵית סוֹף לִקְטִילַיָא יִתְקְלוּן בִּקְטִילֵיהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [The horseman charging, and the flashing sword, and the glittering spear; and a multitude of slain, and a heap of carcases; and there is no end of the corpses, and they stumble upon their corpses;](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.36/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:30`. - ← previous: [Nahum 3:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.2/) - next →: [Nahum 3:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.4/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/3/)