--- title: Nahum 3:7 — And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall f… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say: 'Nineveh is laid waste; who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee?' Who acts: dung, all, I. Nahum 3:7 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.7/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Nahum](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/3/) / 3:7 # Nahum 3:7 נַחוּם **Who acts:** dung, all, I · **What happens:** come, pass, look, flee, say, lay · **To what, where:** thee, Nineveh, comforters · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Nahum 3:7 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — dung, all, I — and what happens in the verse to thee, Nineveh, comforters, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Nahum on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְהָיָ֤ה כָל־רֹאַ֙יִךְ֙ יִדּ֣וֹד מִמֵּ֔ךְ וְאָמַר֙ שָׁדְּדָ֣ה נִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑הּ מֵאַ֛יִן אֲבַקֵּ֥שׁ מְנַחֲמִ֖ים לָֽךְ׃ [And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say: 'Nineveh is laid waste; who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.40/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:NAM:34 # text = וְהָיָ֤ה כָל־רֹאַ֙יִךְ֙ יִדּ֣וֹד מִמֵּ֔ךְ וְאָמַר֙ שָׁדְּדָ֣ה נִֽינְוֵ֔ה מִ֖י יָנ֣וּד לָ֑הּ מֵאַ֛יִן אֲבַקֵּ֥שׁ מְנַחֲמִ֖ים לָֽךְ׃ # verse = NAM.3.7 1-2 וְהָיָ֤ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_3:7!1|MId=o340030070011|Strong=2050b 2 הָיָ֤ה הָיָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=NAM_3:7!1|MId=o340030070012|Strong=1961|Type=qatal 3 כָל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ Gloss=all|Ref=NAM_3:7!2|MId=o340030070021|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 4-5 רֹאַ֙יִךְ֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 רֹאַ֙י רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[those|Ref=NAM_3:7!3|MId=o340030070031|Strong=7200|Frame=A1:340030070032;|Type=participle_active 5 ִךְ֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=who].see.you|Ref=NAM_3:7!3|MId=o340030070032|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 6 יִדּ֣וֹד נָדַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.flee|Ref=NAM_3:7!4|MId=o340030070041|Strong=5074|Frame=A0:340030070031;|Type=yiqtol 7-8 מִמֵּ֔ךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 מִמּ מִן ADP _ _ 8 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NAM_3:7!5|MId=o340030070051|Strong=4480 8 ֵ֔ךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 6 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=NAM_3:7!5|MId=o340030070052|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 9-10 וְאָמַר֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 10 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=NAM_3:7!6|MId=o340030070061|Strong=2050b 10 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.will.say|Ref=NAM_3:7!6|MId=o340030070062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:340030070031;|Type=qatal 11 שָׁדְּדָ֣ה שָׁדַד VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=PUAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 10 ccomp _ Gloss=it.is.devastated|Ref=NAM_3:7!7|MId=o340030070071|Strong=7703|Frame=A1:340030070081;|Type=qatal 12 נִֽינְוֵ֔ה נִינְוֵה PROPN _ _ 11 nsubj _ Gloss=Nineveh|Ref=NAM_3:7!8|MId=o340030070081|Strong=5210 13 מִ֖י מִי PRON _ PronType=Int 14 nsubj _ Gloss=who?|Ref=NAM_3:7!9|MId=o340030070091|Strong=4310|Type=interrogative 14 יָנ֣וּד נוּד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 11 parataxis _ Gloss=will.he.show.sympathy|Ref=NAM_3:7!10|MId=o340030070101|Strong=5110|Frame=A0:340030070091;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 לָ֑הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 ל לְ ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=NAM_3:7!11|MId=o340030070111|Strong=3807a 16 ָ֑הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=NAM_3:7!11|MId=o340030070112|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 17-18 מֵאַ֛יִן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=NAM_3:7!12|MId=o340030070121|Strong=4480 18 אַ֛יִן אַיִן ADV _ _ 19 obl _ Gloss=where?|Ref=NAM_3:7!12|MId=o340030070122|Strong=0370|Type=interrogative 19 אֲבַקֵּ֥שׁ בָּקַשׁ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 11 parataxis _ Gloss=will.I.seek|Ref=NAM_3:7!13|MId=o340030070131|Strong=1245|Frame=A0:340030050041;A1:340030070141;|Type=yiqtol 20 מְנַחֲמִ֖ים נָחַם VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur 19 obj _ Gloss=comforters|Ref=NAM_3:7!14|MId=o340030070141|Strong=5162|Type=participle_active 21-22 לָֽךְ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 21 ל לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=NAM_3:7!15|MId=o340030070151|Strong=3807a 22 ָֽךְ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs 19 obl _ Gloss=you|Ref=NAM_3:7!15|MId=o340030070152|Strong=3509c|Type=pronominal 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=NAM_3:7!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רֹאַי *\[those* | participle active · qal | | ִךְ *who\] see you* | | | | יִדּוֹד *he will flee* | yiqtol · qal | רֹאַי *\[those* | | | | | אָמַר *he will say* | qatal · qal | רֹאַי *\[those* | | | | | שָׁדְּדָה *it is devastated* | qatal · pual | | נִֽינְוֵה *Nineveh* | | | | יָנוּד *will he show sympathy* | yiqtol · qal | מִי *who?* | | | | | **not** אֲבַקֵּשׁ *will I seek* | yiqtol · piel | | מְנַחֲמִים *comforters* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וִיהֵי כָּל דִי יַחֲזִינֵיךְ יִתְרְחַק מִנֵיךְ וְיֵימַר אִתְבְּזִיזַת נִינְוֵה מָן יִדְוֵי עֲלָךְ אֵיפֹא אַשְׁכַּח מְנַחֲמִין לָךְ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And it shall come to pass, that all they that look upon thee shall flee from thee, and say: 'Nineveh is laid waste; who will bemoan her? whence shall I seek comforters for thee?'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/NAM.40/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:NAM:34`. - ← previous: [Nahum 3:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.6/) - next →: [Nahum 3:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM.3.8/) - ↑ back to [Nahum 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/NAM/3/)