--- title: Zechariah 1:4 — Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets proclaimed,… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets proclaimed, saying: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Return ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings; but they did not hear, nor attend unto Me, saith the LORD. Who acts: ye, former prophets, LORD, fathers. Zechariah 1:4 in Hebrew wi --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zechariah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/1/) / 1:4 # Zechariah 1:4 זְכַרְיָה **Who acts:** ye, former prophets, LORD, fathers · **What happens:** not be, proclaim, say, return, not hear, attend · **To what, where:** evil ways · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Zechariah 1:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — ye, former prophets, LORD, fathers — and what happens in the verse to evil ways, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Zechariah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. אַל־תִּהְי֣וּ כַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֡ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרְאֽוּ־אֲלֵיהֶם֩ הַנְּבִיאִ֨ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת שׁ֤וּבוּ נָא֙ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֣ם הָרָעִ֔ים וּמַֽעֲלְלֵיכֶ֖םהָֽרָעִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֛וּ וְלֹֽא־הִקְשִׁ֥יבוּ אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ [Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets proclaimed, saying: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Return ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings; but they did not hear, nor attend unto Me, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.3/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEC:3 # text = אַל־תִּהְי֣וּ כַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֡ם אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָרְאֽוּ־אֲלֵיהֶם֩ הַנְּבִיאִ֨ים הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים לֵאמֹ֗ר כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת שׁ֤וּבוּ נָא֙ מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֣ם הָרָעִ֔ים וּמַֽעֲלְלֵיכֶ֖םהָֽרָעִ֑ים וְלֹ֥א שָׁמְע֛וּ וְלֹֽא־הִקְשִׁ֥יבוּ אֵלַ֖י נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ # verse = ZEC.1.4 1 אַל־ אַל ADV _ _ 4 advmod _ Gloss=do.not|Ref=ZEC_1:4!1|MId=o380010040011|Strong=0408|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 2 תִּהְי֣וּ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 4 cop _ Gloss=be|Ref=ZEC_1:4!2|MId=o380010040021|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:380010020042;|Type=jussive 3-5 כַאֲבֹֽתֵיכֶ֡ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 כַ כְּ ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ZEC_1:4!3|MId=o380010040031|Strong=3509a 4 אֲבֹֽתֵי אָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=ancestors|Ref=ZEC_1:4!3|MId=o380010040032|Strong=0001 5 כֶ֡ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ZEC_1:4!3|MId=o380010040033|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 6 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=whom|Ref=ZEC_1:4!4|MId=o380010040041|Strong=0834|Type=relative 7 קָרְאֽוּ־ קָרָא VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.proclaimed|Ref=ZEC_1:4!5|MId=o380010040051|Strong=7121|Frame=A0:380010040072;|Type=qatal|SpaceAfter=No 8-9 אֲלֵיהֶם֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 אֲלֵי אֶל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEC_1:4!6|MId=o380010040061|Strong=0413 9 הֶם֩ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 obl _ Gloss=them|Ref=ZEC_1:4!6|MId=o380010040062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 10-11 הַנְּבִיאִ֨ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 11 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ZEC_1:4!7|MId=o380010040071|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 נְּבִיאִ֨ים נָבִיא NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 nsubj _ Gloss=prophets|Ref=ZEC_1:4!7|MId=o380010040072|Strong=5030 12-13 הָרִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 13 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ZEC_1:4!8|MId=o380010040081|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 13 רִֽאשֹׁנִ֜ים רִאשׁוֹן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 11 amod _ Gloss=former|Ref=ZEC_1:4!8|MId=o380010040082|Strong=7223|Type=adjective 14-15 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 17 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=ZEC_1:4!9|MId=o380010040091|Strong=3807a 15 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 14 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=ZEC_1:4!9|MId=o380010040092|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:380010040072;A1:380010040111;|Type=infinitive_construct 16 כֹּ֤ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=ZEC_1:4!10|MId=o380010040101|Strong=3541 17 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 ccomp _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=ZEC_1:4!11|MId=o380010040111|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:380010040121;|Type=qatal 18 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 17 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ZEC_1:4!12|MId=o380010040121|Strong=3068 19 צְבָא֔וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 18 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ZEC_1:4!13|MId=o380010040131|Strong=6635 20 שׁ֤וּבוּ שׁוּב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=2 17 ccomp _ Gloss=turn.back|Ref=ZEC_1:4!14|MId=o380010040141|Strong=7725|Frame=A0:380010040032;|Type=imperative 21 נָא֙ נָא INTJ _ _ 20 discourse _ Gloss=please|Ref=ZEC_1:4!15|MId=o380010040151|Strong=4994|Type=exhortation 22-24 מִדַּרְכֵיכֶ֣ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 23 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ZEC_1:4!16|MId=o380010040161|Strong=4480 23 דַּרְכֵי דֶּרֶךְ NOUN _ Number=Plur 20 obl _ Gloss=ways|Ref=ZEC_1:4!16|MId=o380010040162|Strong=1870 24 כֶ֣ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 23 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ZEC_1:4!16|MId=o380010040163|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 25-26 הָרָעִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 26 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ZEC_1:4!17|MId=o380010040171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 רָעִ֔ים רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 amod _ Gloss=evil|Ref=ZEC_1:4!17|MId=o380010040172|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 27-31 וּמַֽעֲלְלֵיכֶ֖םהָֽרָעִ֑ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 28 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_1:4!19|MId=o380010040191|Strong=2050b 28 מַֽעֲלְלֵי מַעֲלָל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 23 conj _ Gloss=deeds|Ref=ZEC_1:4!19|MId=o380010040192|Strong=4611 29 כֶ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs 28 nmod:poss _ Gloss=your|Ref=ZEC_1:4!19|MId=o380010040193|Strong=3641b|Type=pronominal 30 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ZEC_1:4!20|MId=o380010040201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 רָעִ֑ים רַע ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 28 amod _ Gloss=evil|Ref=ZEC_1:4!20|MId=o380010040202|Strong=7451|Type=adjective 32-33 וְלֹ֥א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 34 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_1:4!21|MId=o380010040211|Strong=2050b 33 לֹ֥א לֹא ADV _ _ 34 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ZEC_1:4!21|MId=o380010040212|Strong=3808|Type=negative 34 שָׁמְע֛וּ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.listened|Ref=ZEC_1:4!22|MId=o380010040221|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:380010040032;|Type=qatal 35-36 וְלֹֽא־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 37 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_1:4!23|MId=o380010040231|Strong=2050b 36 לֹֽא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 37 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ZEC_1:4!23|MId=o380010040232|Strong=3808|Type=negative 37 הִקְשִׁ֥יבוּ קָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 4 conj _ Gloss=they.paid.attention|Ref=ZEC_1:4!24|MId=o380010040241|Strong=7181|Frame=A0:380010040032;|Type=qatal 38-39 אֵלַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEC_1:4!25|MId=o380010040251|Strong=0413 39 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=ZEC_1:4!25|MId=o380010040252|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 40 נְאֻם־ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 4 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=ZEC_1:4!26|MId=o380010040261|Strong=5002|SpaceAfter=No 41 יְהוָֽה יהוה PROPN _ _ 40 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=ZEC_1:4!27|MId=o380010040271|Strong=3068|SpaceAfter=No 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=ZEC_1:4!27 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · assert · neg | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּהְיוּ *be* | jussive · qal | | | | | | קָרְאֽוּ־ *they proclaimed* | qatal · qal | נְּבִיאִים *prophets* | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | נְּבִיאִים *prophets* | אָמַר *he says* | | | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | שׁוּבוּ *turn back* | imperative · qal | אֲבֹֽתֵי *ancestors* | | | | | **not** שָׁמְעוּ *they listened* | qatal · qal | אֲבֹֽתֵי *ancestors* | | | | | **not** הִקְשִׁיבוּ *they paid attention* | qatal · hiphil | אֲבֹֽתֵי *ancestors* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} לָא תְהוֹן כַּאֲבָהָתְכוֹן דְיִתְנַבּוּן לְהוֹן נְבִיַיָא קַדְמָאֵי לְמֵימַר כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת תּוּבוּ כְעַן מֵאוֹרְחָתכוֹן בִּישְׁתָא וּמֵעוֹבָדֵיכוֹן מְקַלְקְלַיָא וְלָא קַבִּילוּ וְלָא אֲצִיתוּ לְמֵימְרִי אֲמַר יְיָ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Be ye not as your fathers, unto whom the former prophets proclaimed, saying: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: Return ye now from your evil ways, and from your evil doings; but they did not hear, nor attend unto Me, saith the LORD.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.3/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEC:3`. - ← previous: [Zechariah 1:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.3/) - next →: [Zechariah 1:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.5/) - ↑ back to [Zechariah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/1/)