--- title: Zechariah 1:8 — I saw in the night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I saw in the night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle-trees that were in the bottom; and behind him there were horses, red, sorrel, and white. Who acts: I, man, word, myrtle trees. Zechariah 1:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zechariah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/1/) / 1:8 # Zechariah 1:8 זְכַרְיָה **Who acts:** I, man, word, myrtle trees · **What happens:** see, behold, ride, stand, be · **To what, where:** man, myrtle trees, bottom This is Zechariah 1:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, man, word, myrtle trees — and what happens in the verse to man, myrtle trees, bottom, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Zechariah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. רָאִ֣יתִי ׀ הַלַּ֗יְלָה וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ רֹכֵב֙ עַל־ס֣וּס אָדֹ֔ם וְה֣וּא עֹמֵ֔ד בֵּ֥ין הַהֲדַסִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמְּצֻלָ֑ה וְאַחֲרָיו֙ סוּסִ֣ים אֲדֻמִּ֔ים שְׂרֻקִּ֖ים וּלְבָנִֽים׃ [I saw in the night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle-trees that were in the bottom; and behind him there were horses, red, sorrel, and white.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.7/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEC:7 # text = רָאִ֣יתִי ׀ הַלַּ֗יְלָה וְהִנֵּה־אִישׁ֙ רֹכֵב֙ עַל־ס֣וּס אָדֹ֔ם וְה֣וּא עֹמֵ֔ד בֵּ֥ין הַהֲדַסִּ֖ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר בַּמְּצֻלָ֑ה וְאַחֲרָיו֙ סוּסִ֣ים אֲדֻמִּ֔ים שְׂרֻקִּ֖ים וּלְבָנִֽים׃ # verse = ZEC.1.8 1 רָאִ֣יתִי רָאָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.saw|Ref=ZEC_1:8!1|MId=o380010080011|Strong=7200|Frame=A0:380010070171;|Type=qatal 2 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 1 punct _ Ref=ZEC_1:8!1 3-4 הַלַּ֗יְלָה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 4 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ZEC_1:8!2|MId=o380010080021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 4 לַּ֗יְלָה לַיְלָה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 1 obl _ Gloss=night|Ref=ZEC_1:8!2|MId=o380010080022|Strong=3915 5-6 וְהִנֵּה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 8 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_1:8!3|MId=o380010080031|Strong=2050b 6 הִנֵּה־ הִנֵּה INTJ _ _ 8 discourse _ Gloss=there!|Ref=ZEC_1:8!3|MId=o380010080032|Strong=2009|Type=demonstrative 7 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 nsubj _ Gloss=a.man|Ref=ZEC_1:8!4|MId=o380010080041|Strong=0376 8 רֹכֵב֙ רָכַב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 1 conj _ Gloss=[was].riding|Ref=ZEC_1:8!5|MId=o380010080051|Strong=7392|Frame=A0:380010080041;|Type=participle_active 9 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEC_1:8!6|MId=o380010080061|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 10 ס֣וּס סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 obl _ Gloss=a.horse|Ref=ZEC_1:8!7|MId=o380010080071|Strong=5483 11 אָדֹ֔ם אָדֹם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 10 amod _ Gloss=red|Ref=ZEC_1:8!8|MId=o380010080081|Strong=0122|Type=adjective 12-13 וְה֣וּא _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_1:8!9|MId=o380010080091|Strong=2050b 13 ה֣וּא הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ Gloss=he|Ref=ZEC_1:8!9|MId=o380010080092|Strong=1931|Type=personal 14 עֹמֵ֔ד עָמַד VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 8 conj _ Gloss=[was].standing|Ref=ZEC_1:8!10|MId=o380010080101|Strong=5975|Frame=A0:380010080092;|Type=participle_active 15 בֵּ֥ין בֵּין ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=between|Ref=ZEC_1:8!11|MId=o380010080111|Strong=0996 16-17 הַהֲדַסִּ֖ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 17 det _ Gloss=the.myrtle|Ref=ZEC_1:8!12|MId=o380010080121|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 17 הֲדַסִּ֖ים הֲדַס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 14 obl _ Gloss=trees|Ref=ZEC_1:8!12|MId=o380010080122|Strong=1918 18 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ZEC_1:8!13|MId=o380010080131|Strong=0834|Type=relative 19-21 בַּמְּצֻלָ֑ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 בַּ בְּ ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=[were].in|Ref=ZEC_1:8!14|MId=o380010080141|Strong=0871a 20 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 21 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ZEC_1:8!14|MId=o380010080141ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 21 מְּצֻלָ֑ה מְצֹולָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 17 acl:relcl _ Gloss=hollow|Ref=ZEC_1:8!14|MId=o380010080142|Strong=4688 22-24 וְאַחֲרָיו֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 24 cc _ Gloss=and.[were]|Ref=ZEC_1:8!15|MId=o380010080151|Strong=2050b 23 אַחֲרָי אַחַר ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=behind|Ref=ZEC_1:8!15|MId=o380010080152|Strong=0310 24 ו֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 1 conj _ Gloss=him|Ref=ZEC_1:8!15|MId=o380010080153|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 25 סוּסִ֣ים סוּס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 24 nsubj _ Gloss=horses|Ref=ZEC_1:8!16|MId=o380010080161|Strong=5483 26 אֲדֻמִּ֔ים אָדֹם ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 25 amod _ Gloss=red|Ref=ZEC_1:8!17|MId=o380010080171|Strong=0122|Type=adjective 27 שְׂרֻקִּ֖ים שָׂרֹק ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 amod _ Gloss=sorrel|Ref=ZEC_1:8!18|MId=o380010080181|Strong=8320|Type=adjective 28-29 וּלְבָנִֽים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 28 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 29 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_1:8!19|MId=o380010080191|Strong=2050b 29 לְבָנִֽים לָבָן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 26 amod _ Gloss=white|Ref=ZEC_1:8!19|MId=o380010080192|Strong=3836|Type=adjective 30 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 29 punct _ Ref=ZEC_1:8!19 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | רָאִיתִי *I saw* | qatal · qal | | | | | | רֹכֵב *\[was\] riding* | participle active · qal | אִישׁ *a man* | | | | | עֹמֵד *\[was\] standing* | participle active · qal | הוּא *he* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} חֲזֵיתִי בְּלֵילְיָא וְהָא גְבַר רָכִיב עַל סוּסֵי סִמוֹק וְהוּא קָאֵים בֵּין אִילָנַיָא דַהֲדַסַיָא דִי בְּבָבֶל וּבַתְרוֹהִי סוּסְוָן סוּמְקִין קְוָחִין וְחִוְרְיָן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I saw in the night, and behold a man riding upon a red horse, and he stood among the myrtle-trees that were in the bottom; and behind him there were horses, red, sorrel, and white.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.7/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEC:7`. - ← previous: [Zechariah 1:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.7/) - next →: [Zechariah 1:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.1.9/) - ↑ back to [Zechariah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/1/)