--- title: Zechariah 12:10 — And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that i --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.12.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zechariah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/12/) / 12:10 # Zechariah 12:10 זְכַרְיָה **Who acts:** I, inhabitants, one · **What happens:** pour, look, thrust through, mourn, be · **To what, where:** spirit, David, bitterness This is Zechariah 12:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, inhabitants, one — and what happens in the verse to spirit, David, bitterness, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Zechariah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וְשָׁפַכְתִּי֩ עַל־בֵּ֨ית דָּוִ֜יד וְעַ֣ל ׀ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם ר֤וּחַ חֵן֙ וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים וְהִבִּ֥יטוּ אֵלַ֖י אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָ֑רוּ וְסָפְד֣וּ עָלָ֗יו כְּמִסְפֵּד֙ עַל־הַיָּחִ֔יד וְהָמֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו כְּהָמֵ֥ר עַֽל־הַבְּכֽוֹר׃ [And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.184/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEC:176 # text = וְשָׁפַכְתִּי֩ עַל־בֵּ֨ית דָּוִ֜יד וְעַ֣ל ׀ יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם ר֤וּחַ חֵן֙ וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים וְהִבִּ֥יטוּ אֵלַ֖י אֵ֣ת אֲשֶׁר־דָּקָ֑רוּ וְסָפְד֣וּ עָלָ֗יו כְּמִסְפֵּד֙ עַל־הַיָּחִ֔יד וְהָמֵ֥ר עָלָ֖יו כְּהָמֵ֥ר עַֽל־הַבְּכֽוֹר׃ # verse = ZEC.12.10 1-2 וְשָׁפַכְתִּי֩ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_12:10!1|MId=o380120100011|Strong=2050b 2 שָׁפַכְתִּי֩ שָׁפַךְ VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.will.pour.out|Ref=ZEC_12:10!1|MId=o380120100012|Strong=8210|Frame=A0:380120080181;A1:380120100081;|Type=weqatal 3 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 4 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEC_12:10!2|MId=o380120100021|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 4 בֵּ֨ית בַּיִת NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 obl _ Gloss=the.house|Ref=ZEC_12:10!3|MId=o380120100031|Strong=1004 5 דָּוִ֜יד דָּוִד PROPN _ _ 4 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.David|Ref=ZEC_12:10!4|MId=o380120100041|Strong=1732 6-7 וְעַ֣ל _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_12:10!5|MId=o380120100051|Strong=2050b 7 עַ֣ל עַל ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEC_12:10!5|MId=o380120100052|Strong=5921 8 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 7 punct _ Ref=ZEC_12:10!5 9 יוֹשֵׁ֣ב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 4 conj _ Gloss=the.inhabitant[s]|Ref=ZEC_12:10!6|MId=o380120100061|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active 10 יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 9 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=ZEC_12:10!7|MId=o380120100071|Strong=3389 11 ר֤וּחַ רוּחַ NOUN _ Number=Sing 2 obj _ Gloss=a.spirit|Ref=ZEC_12:10!8|MId=o380120100081|Strong=7307 12 חֵן֙ חֵן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.favor|Ref=ZEC_12:10!9|MId=o380120100091|Strong=2580 13-14 וְתַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_12:10!10|MId=o380120100101|Strong=2050b 14 תַ֣חֲנוּנִ֔ים תַּחֲנוּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 12 conj _ Gloss=supplications|Ref=ZEC_12:10!10|MId=o380120100102|Strong=8469 15-16 וְהִבִּ֥יטוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_12:10!11|MId=o380120100111|Strong=2050b 16 הִבִּ֥יטוּ נָבַט VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.look|Ref=ZEC_12:10!11|MId=o380120100112|Strong=5027|Frame=A0:380120100031;380120100061;|Type=weqatal 17-18 אֵלַ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֵל אֶל ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEC_12:10!12|MId=o380120100121|Strong=0413 18 ַ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 16 obl _ Gloss=me|Ref=ZEC_12:10!12|MId=o380120100122|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19 אֵ֣ת אֵת ADP _ _ 18 appos _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ZEC_12:10!13|MId=o380120100131|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 20 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 21 mark _ Gloss=[the.one].whom|Ref=ZEC_12:10!14|MId=o380120100141|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 21 דָּקָ֑רוּ דָּקַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 19 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.pierced.through|Ref=ZEC_12:10!15|MId=o380120100151|Strong=1856|Frame=A0:380120100031;380120100061;|Type=qatal 22-23 וְסָפְד֣וּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_12:10!16|MId=o380120100161|Strong=2050b 23 סָפְד֣וּ סָפַד VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.mourn|Ref=ZEC_12:10!16|MId=o380120100162|Strong=5594|Frame=A0:380120100031;380120100061;|Type=weqatal 24-25 עָלָ֗יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 עָלָ֗י עַל ADP _ _ 25 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEC_12:10!17|MId=o380120100171|Strong=5921 25 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=ZEC_12:10!17|MId=o380120100172|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 כְּמִסְפֵּד֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 27 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ZEC_12:10!18|MId=o380120100181|Strong=3509a 27 מִסְפֵּד֙ מִסְפֵּד NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obl _ Gloss=mourning|Ref=ZEC_12:10!18|MId=o380120100182|Strong=4553 28 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEC_12:10!19|MId=o380120100191|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 29-30 הַיָּחִ֔יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 30 det _ Gloss=(the).only|Ref=ZEC_12:10!20|MId=o380120100201|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 30 יָּחִ֔יד יָחִיד ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nmod _ Gloss=[son]|Ref=ZEC_12:10!20|MId=o380120100202|Strong=3173|Type=adjective 31-32 וְהָמֵ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 32 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_12:10!21|MId=o380120100211|Strong=2050b 32 הָמֵ֥ר מָרַר VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 2 conj _ Gloss=they.will.show.bitterness|Ref=ZEC_12:10!21|MId=o380120100212|Strong=4843|Frame=A0:380120100031;380120100061;|Type=infinitive_absolute 33-34 עָלָ֖יו _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 עָלָ֖י עַל ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEC_12:10!22|MId=o380120100221|Strong=5921 34 ו הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obl _ Gloss=him|Ref=ZEC_12:10!22|MId=o380120100222|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 35-36 כְּהָמֵ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=as|Ref=ZEC_12:10!23|MId=o380120100231|Strong=3509a 36 הָמֵ֥ר מָרַר VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 32 advcl _ Gloss=shows.bitterness|Ref=ZEC_12:10!23|MId=o380120100232|Strong=4843|Frame=A0:380120100031;380120100061;|Type=infinitive_construct 37 עַֽל־ עַל ADP _ _ 39 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEC_12:10!24|MId=o380120100241|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 38-39 הַבְּכֽוֹר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 39 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ZEC_12:10!25|MId=o380120100251|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 39 בְּכֽוֹר בְּכֹר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 36 obl _ Gloss=firstborn|Ref=ZEC_12:10!25|MId=o380120100252|Strong=1060 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=ZEC_12:10!25 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁפַכְתִּי *I will pour out* | weqatal · qal | | רוּחַ *a spirit* | | | | הִבִּיטוּ *they will look* | weqatal · hiphil | בֵּית *the house* + יוֹשֵׁב *the inhabitant\[s\]* | | | | | דָּקָרוּ *they have pierced through* | qatal · qal | בֵּית *the house* + יוֹשֵׁב *the inhabitant\[s\]* | | | | | סָפְדוּ *they will mourn* | weqatal · qal | בֵּית *the house* + יוֹשֵׁב *the inhabitant\[s\]* | | | | | הָמֵר *they will show bitterness* | infinitive absolute · hiphil | בֵּית *the house* + יוֹשֵׁב *the inhabitant\[s\]* | | | | | הָמֵר *shows bitterness* | infinitive construct · hiphil | בֵּית *the house* + יוֹשֵׁב *the inhabitant\[s\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וְאֶשְׁפּוֹךְ עַל דְבֵית דָוִד וְעַל יַתְבֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם רוּחַ חִסְדָא וְרַחֲמִין וְיִבְעוּן מִן קָדָמַי עַל דִי אִיטַלְטְלוּ וְיִסְפְּדוּן עֲלוֹהִי כְּמָא דְסָפְדִין עַל יְחִידָא וְיֵימְרוּן עֲלוֹהִי כְּמָא דְמַמְרִין עַל בּוּכְרָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [And I will pour upon the house of David, and upon the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the spirit of grace and of supplication; and they shall look unto Me because they have thrust him through; and they shall mourn for him, as one mourneth for his only son, and shall be in bitterness for him, as one that is in bitterness for his first-born.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.184/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEC:176`. - ← previous: [Zechariah 12:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.12.9/) - next →: [Zechariah 12:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.12.11/) - ↑ back to [Zechariah 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/12/)