--- title: Zechariah 2:4 — Then said I: 'What come these to do?' And he spoke, saying: 'These —… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Then said I: 'What come these to do?' And he spoke, saying: 'These — the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up his head — these then are come to frighten them, to cast down the horns of the nations, which lifted up their horn against the land of Judah to scatter it.' Who acts: I, t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.2.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zechariah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/2/) / 2:4 # Zechariah 2:4 זְכַרְיָה **Who acts:** I, these, LORD, horns, man · **What happens:** say, come, do, speak, scatter, lift up · **To what, where:** Judah, head, horns, horn, land · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Zechariah 2:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, these, LORD, horns, man — and what happens in the verse to Judah, head, horns, horn, land, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Zechariah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. וָאֹמַ֕ר מָ֛ה אֵ֥לֶּה בָאִ֖ים לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאמֹ֗ר אֵ֣לֶּה הַקְּרָנ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁר־זֵ֣רוּ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֗ה כְּפִי־אִישׁ֙ לֹא־נָשָׂ֣א רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ לְהַחֲרִ֣יד אֹתָ֔ם לְיַדּ֞וֹת אֶת־קַרְנ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֗ם הַנֹּשְׂאִ֥ים קֶ֛רֶן אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָ֖ה לְזָרוֹתָֽהּ׃ס [Then said I: 'What come these to do?' And he spoke, saying: 'These — the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up his head — these then are come to frighten them, to cast down the horns of the nations, which lifted up their horn against the land of Judah to scatter it.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.20/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEC:20 # text = וָאֹמַ֕ר מָ֛ה אֵ֥לֶּה בָאִ֖ים לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לֵאמֹ֗ר אֵ֣לֶּה הַקְּרָנ֞וֹת אֲשֶׁר־זֵ֣רוּ אֶת־יְהוּדָ֗ה כְּפִי־אִישׁ֙ לֹא־נָשָׂ֣א רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ אֵ֙לֶּה֙ לְהַחֲרִ֣יד אֹתָ֔ם לְיַדּ֞וֹת אֶת־קַרְנ֣וֹת הַגּוֹיִ֗ם הַנֹּשְׂאִ֥ים קֶ֛רֶן אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץ יְהוּדָ֖ה לְזָרוֹתָֽהּ׃ס # verse = ZEC.2.4 1-2 וָאֹמַ֕ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 וָ וְ CCONJ _ _ 2 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_2:4!1|MId=o380020040011|Strong=2050b 2 אֹמַ֕ר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.said|Ref=ZEC_2:4!1|MId=o380020040012|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:380010070171;|Type=wayyiqtol 3 מָ֛ה מָה PRON _ PronType=Int 7 obj _ Gloss=what?|Ref=ZEC_2:4!2|MId=o380020040021|Strong=4100|Type=interrogative 4 אֵ֥לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 5 nsubj _ Gloss=[are].these|Ref=ZEC_2:4!3|MId=o380020040031|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 5 בָאִ֖ים בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 2 ccomp _ Gloss=coming|Ref=ZEC_2:4!4|MId=o380020040041|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:380020040031;|Type=participle_active 6-7 לַֽעֲשׂ֑וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEC_2:4!5|MId=o380020040051|Strong=3807a 7 עֲשׂ֑וֹת עָשָׂה VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 5 advcl _ Gloss=do|Ref=ZEC_2:4!5|MId=o380020040052|Strong=6213|Frame=A0:380020030041;A1:380020040021;|Type=infinitive_construct 8-9 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_2:4!6|MId=o380020040061|Strong=2050b 9 יֹּ֣אמֶר אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=he.said|Ref=ZEC_2:4!6|MId=o380020040062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:380020020032;|Type=wayyiqtol 10-11 לֵאמֹ֗ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 לֵ לְ ADP _ ExtPos=SCONJ 14 mark _ Gloss=(cmp)|Ref=ZEC_2:4!7|MId=o380020040071|Strong=3807a 11 אמֹ֗ר אָמַר VERB _ HebBinyan=QAL 10 fixed _ Gloss=|Ref=ZEC_2:4!7|MId=o380020040072|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:380020020032;|Type=infinitive_construct 12 אֵ֣לֶּה אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 14 nsubj _ Gloss=these|Ref=ZEC_2:4!8|MId=o380020040081|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 13-14 הַקְּרָנ֞וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 14 det _ Gloss=[are].the|Ref=ZEC_2:4!9|MId=o380020040091|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 14 קְּרָנ֞וֹת קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Plur 9 ccomp _ Gloss=horns|Ref=ZEC_2:4!9|MId=o380020040092|Strong=7161 15 אֲשֶׁר־ אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 16 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ZEC_2:4!10|MId=o380020040101|Strong=0834|Type=relative|SpaceAfter=No 16 זֵ֣רוּ זָרָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 14 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.scattered|Ref=ZEC_2:4!11|MId=o380020040111|Strong=2219|Frame=A0:380020040092;A1:380020040131;|Type=qatal 17 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ZEC_2:4!12|MId=o380020040121|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 18 יְהוּדָ֗ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 16 obj _ Gloss=Judah|Ref=ZEC_2:4!13|MId=o380020040131|Strong=3063 19-20 כְּפִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 כְּ כְּ ADP _ _ 20 case _ Gloss=according|Ref=ZEC_2:4!14|MId=o380020040141|Strong=3509a 20 פִי־ פֶּה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 obl _ Gloss=to.[the].mouth|Ref=ZEC_2:4!14|MId=o380020040142|Strong=6310 21 אִישׁ֙ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.a.man|Ref=ZEC_2:4!15|MId=o380020040151|Strong=0376 22 לֹא־ לֹא ADV _ _ 23 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ZEC_2:4!16|MId=o380020040161|Strong=3808|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 23 נָשָׂ֣א נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 21 acl _ Gloss=he.lifted.up|Ref=ZEC_2:4!17|MId=o380020040171|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:380020040151;A1:380020040181;|Type=qatal 24-25 רֹאשׁ֔וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 רֹאשׁ רֹאשׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 obj _ Gloss=head|Ref=ZEC_2:4!18|MId=o380020040181|Strong=7218 25 ֔וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ZEC_2:4!18|MId=o380020040182|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 26-27 וַיָּבֹ֤אוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_2:4!19|MId=o380020040191|Strong=2050b 27 יָּבֹ֤אוּ בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they.have.come|Ref=ZEC_2:4!19|MId=o380020040192|Strong=0935|Frame=A0:380020040201;|Type=wayyiqtol 28 אֵ֙לֶּה֙ אֵלֶּה PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 27 nsubj _ Gloss=these.[craftsmen]|Ref=ZEC_2:4!20|MId=o380020040201|Strong=0428|Type=demonstrative 29-30 לְהַחֲרִ֣יד _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 30 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEC_2:4!21|MId=o380020040211|Strong=3807a 30 הַחֲרִ֣יד חָרַד VERB _ HebBinyan=HIPHIL 27 advcl _ Gloss=terrify|Ref=ZEC_2:4!21|MId=o380020040212|Strong=2729|Frame=AA:380020030041;A0:380020040222;|Type=infinitive_construct 31-32 אֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 אֹת אֵת ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=|Ref=ZEC_2:4!22|MId=o380020040221|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker 32 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obj _ Gloss=them|Ref=ZEC_2:4!22|MId=o380020040222|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 33-34 לְיַדּ֞וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 34 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEC_2:4!23|MId=o380020040231|Strong=3807a 34 יַדּ֞וֹת יָדָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 30 conj _ Gloss=cast.down|Ref=ZEC_2:4!23|MId=o380020040232|Strong=3034a|Frame=A0:380020030041;A1:380020040251;|Type=infinitive_construct 35 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 36 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ZEC_2:4!24|MId=o380020040241|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 36 קַרְנ֣וֹת קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Plur 34 obj _ Gloss=the.horns|Ref=ZEC_2:4!25|MId=o380020040251|Strong=7161 37-38 הַגּוֹיִ֗ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 37 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 38 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ZEC_2:4!26|MId=o380020040261|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 38 גּוֹיִ֗ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 36 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.nations|Ref=ZEC_2:4!26|MId=o380020040262|Strong=1471 39-40 הַנֹּשְׂאִ֥ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 40 mark _ Gloss=[which].lifted|Ref=ZEC_2:4!27|MId=o380020040271|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 40 נֹּשְׂאִ֥ים נָשָׂא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur 38 acl:relcl _ Gloss=up|Ref=ZEC_2:4!27|MId=o380020040272|Strong=5375|Frame=A0:380020040262;A1:380020040281;|Type=participle_active 41 קֶ֛רֶן קֶרֶן NOUN _ Number=Sing 40 obj _ Gloss=a.horn|Ref=ZEC_2:4!28|MId=o380020040281|Strong=7161 42 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 43 case _ Gloss=against|Ref=ZEC_2:4!29|MId=o380020040291|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 43 אֶ֥רֶץ אֶרֶץ NOUN _ Number=Sing 40 obl _ Gloss=the.land|Ref=ZEC_2:4!30|MId=o380020040301|Strong=0776 44 יְהוּדָ֖ה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 43 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=ZEC_2:4!31|MId=o380020040311|Strong=3063 45-47 לְזָרוֹתָֽהּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 46 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEC_2:4!32|MId=o380020040321|Strong=3807a 46 זָרוֹת זָרָה VERB _ HebBinyan=PIEL 40 advcl _ Gloss=scatter|Ref=ZEC_2:4!32|MId=o380020040322|Strong=2219|Frame=A0:380020040262;A1:380020040323;|Type=infinitive_construct 47 ָֽהּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 46 obj _ Gloss=it|Ref=ZEC_2:4!32|MId=o380020040323|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 48 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=ZEC_2:4!32|SpaceAfter=No 49 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 47 punct _ Ref=ZEC_2:4!32 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: yes - the frame alone: decl · narrate · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אֹמַר *I said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | בָאִים *coming* | participle active · qal | אֵלֶּה *\[are\] these* | | | | | עֲשׂוֹת *do* | infinitive construct · qal | | מָה *what?* | | | | יֹּאמֶר *he said* | wayyiqtol · qal | | | | | | אמֹר | infinitive construct · qal | | | | | | זֵרוּ *they scattered* | qatal · piel | קְּרָנוֹת *horns* | יְהוּדָה *Judah* | | | | **not** נָשָׂא *he lifted up* | qatal · qal | אִישׁ *of a man* | רֹאשׁ *head* | | | | יָּבֹאוּ *they have come* | wayyiqtol · qal | אֵלֶּה *these \[craftsmen\]* | | | | | הַחֲרִיד *terrify* | infinitive construct · hiphil | ָם *them* | | | | | יַדּוֹת *cast down* | infinitive construct · piel | | קַרְנוֹת *the horns* | | | | נֹּשְׂאִים *up* | participle active · qal | גּוֹיִם *the nations* | קֶרֶן *a horn* | | | | זָרוֹת *scatter* | infinitive construct · piel | גּוֹיִם *the nations* | ָֽהּ *it* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} וַאֲמָרִית מַה אִלֵין אָתָן לְמֶעְבַּד וַאֲמַר לְמֵימַר אִלֵין מַלְכְּוָתָא דְבַדְרָא יַת אֱנַשׁ יְהוּדָה וְלָא שְׁבָקָא לְהַלְכָא בְּקוֹמָה זְקוּפָה וַאֲתוֹ אִלֵין לַאֲזָעָא יַתְהוֹן לְמִתְבַּר יַת מַלְכְּוַת עַמְמַיָא דִנְטַלָא זְיַן עַל אַרְעָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה לְאַגְלָיוּתָהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Then said I: 'What come these to do?' And he spoke, saying: 'These — the horns which scattered Judah, so that no man did lift up his head — these then are come to frighten them, to cast down the horns of the nations, which lifted up their horn against the land of Judah to scatter it.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.20/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEC:20`. - ← previous: [Zechariah 2:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.2.3/) - next →: [Zechariah 2:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.2.5/) - ↑ back to [Zechariah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/2/)