--- title: Zechariah 8:10 — For before those days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for be… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: For before those days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in because of the adversary; for I set all men every one against his neighbour. Who acts: hire, peace, I. Zechariah 8:10 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonath --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.10/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zechariah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/8/) / 8:10 # Zechariah 8:10 זְכַרְיָה **Who acts:** hire, peace, I · **What happens:** be, go out, come in, set · **To what, where:** men, neighbour This is Zechariah 8:10 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — hire, peace, I — and what happens in the verse to men, neighbour, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Zechariah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם שְׂכַ֤ר הָֽאָדָם֙ לֹ֣א נִֽהְיָ֔ה וּשְׂכַ֥ר הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֵינֶ֑נָּה וְלַיּוֹצֵ֨א וְלַבָּ֤א אֵין־שָׁלוֹם֙ מִן־הַצָּ֔ר וַאֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ [For before those days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in because of the adversary; for I set all men every one against his neighbour.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.110/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEC:107 # text = כִּ֗י לִפְנֵי֙ הַיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵ֔ם שְׂכַ֤ר הָֽאָדָם֙ לֹ֣א נִֽהְיָ֔ה וּשְׂכַ֥ר הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה אֵינֶ֑נָּה וְלַיּוֹצֵ֨א וְלַבָּ֤א אֵין־שָׁלוֹם֙ מִן־הַצָּ֔ר וַאֲשַׁלַּ֥ח אֶת־כָּל־הָאָדָ֖ם אִ֥ישׁ בְּרֵעֵֽהוּ׃ # verse = ZEC.8.10 1 כִּ֗י כִּי SCONJ _ _ 3 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ZEC_8:10!1|MId=o380080100011|Strong=3588 2-3 לִפְנֵי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 לִ לְ ADP _ _ 3 case _ Gloss=before|Ref=ZEC_8:10!2|MId=o380080100021|Strong=3807a 3 פְנֵי֙ פָּנֶה NOUN _ Number=Plur 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=ZEC_8:10!2|MId=o380080100022|Strong=6440 4-5 הַיָּמִ֣ים _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ZEC_8:10!3|MId=o380080100031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 יָּמִ֣ים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=days|Ref=ZEC_8:10!3|MId=o380080100032|Strong=3117 6-7 הָהֵ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 7 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ZEC_8:10!4|MId=o380080100041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 הֵ֔ם הֵם PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 5 det _ Gloss=those|Ref=ZEC_8:10!4|MId=o380080100042|Strong=1992|Type=personal 8 שְׂכַ֤ר שָׂכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ Gloss=the.wage[s]|Ref=ZEC_8:10!5|MId=o380080100051|Strong=7939 9-10 הָֽאָדָם֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 הָֽ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 10 det _ Gloss=of.(the)|Ref=ZEC_8:10!6|MId=o380080100061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 10 אָדָם֙ אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=person|Ref=ZEC_8:10!6|MId=o380080100062|Strong=0120 11 לֹ֣א לֹא ADV _ _ 3 advmod _ Gloss=not|Ref=ZEC_8:10!7|MId=o380080100071|Strong=3808|Type=negative 12 נִֽהְיָ֔ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 cop _ Gloss=it.happened|Ref=ZEC_8:10!8|MId=o380080100081|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:380080100051;|Type=qatal 13-14 וּשְׂכַ֥ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_8:10!9|MId=o380080100091|Strong=2050b 14 שְׂכַ֥ר שָׂכָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 17 dislocated _ Gloss=the.wage[s]|Ref=ZEC_8:10!9|MId=o380080100092|Strong=7939 15-16 הַבְּהֵמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 16 det _ Gloss=of|Ref=ZEC_8:10!10|MId=o380080100101|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 16 בְּהֵמָ֖ה בְּהֵמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=the.animal[s]|Ref=ZEC_8:10!10|MId=o380080100102|Strong=0929 17-18 אֵינֶ֑נָּה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 אֵינ אַיִן ADV _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=it.[was]|Ref=ZEC_8:10!11|MId=o380080100111|Strong=0369|Type=negative 18 ֶ֑נָּה הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=not|Ref=ZEC_8:10!11|MId=o380080100112|Strong=5089a|Type=pronominal 19-22 וְלַיּוֹצֵ֨א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 27 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_8:10!12|MId=o380080100121|Strong=2050b 20 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 22 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ZEC_8:10!12|MId=o380080100122|Strong=3807a 21 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 22 mark _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=ZEC_8:10!12|MId=o380080100122ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 22 יּוֹצֵ֨א יָצָא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 27 advcl _ Gloss=who].went.out|Ref=ZEC_8:10!12|MId=o380080100123|Strong=3318|Type=participle_active 23-26 וְלַבָּ֤א _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_8:10!13|MId=o380080100131|Strong=2050b 24 לַ לְ ADP _ _ 26 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ZEC_8:10!13|MId=o380080100132|Strong=3807a 25 ה הַ SCONJ _ _ 26 mark _ Gloss=the.[one|Ref=ZEC_8:10!13|MId=o380080100132ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 26 בָּ֤א בּוֹא VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 22 conj _ Gloss=who].came|Ref=ZEC_8:10!13|MId=o380080100133|Strong=0935|Type=participle_active 27 אֵין־ אַיִן ADV _ _ 3 conj _ Gloss=there.[was].not|Ref=ZEC_8:10!14|MId=o380080100141|Strong=0369|Type=negative|SpaceAfter=No 28 שָׁלוֹם֙ שָׁלוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 nsubj _ Gloss=peace|Ref=ZEC_8:10!15|MId=o380080100151|Strong=7965 29 מִן־ מִן ADP _ _ 31 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ZEC_8:10!16|MId=o380080100161|Strong=4480|SpaceAfter=No 30-31 הַצָּ֔ר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 הַ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 31 det _ Gloss=the|Ref=ZEC_8:10!17|MId=o380080100171|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 31 צָּ֔ר צַר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 27 obl _ Gloss=foe|Ref=ZEC_8:10!17|MId=o380080100172|Strong=6862a 32-33 וַאֲשַׁלַּ֥ח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 33 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_8:10!18|MId=o380080100181|Strong=2050b 33 אֲשַׁלַּ֥ח שָׁלַח VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Sing|Person=1 3 conj _ Gloss=I.sent|Ref=ZEC_8:10!18|MId=o380080100182|Strong=7971|Frame=A0:380080090191;A1:380080100212;|Type=yiqtol 34 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 35 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ZEC_8:10!19|MId=o380080100191|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 35 כָּל־ כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obj _ Gloss=every|Ref=ZEC_8:10!20|MId=o380080100201|Strong=3605|SpaceAfter=No 36-37 הָאָדָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 37 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ZEC_8:10!21|MId=o380080100211|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 37 אָדָ֖ם אָדָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=person|Ref=ZEC_8:10!21|MId=o380080100212|Strong=0120 38 אִ֥ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 obl _ Gloss=each|Ref=ZEC_8:10!22|MId=o380080100221|Strong=0376 39-41 בְּרֵעֵֽהוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 40 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEC_8:10!23|MId=o380080100231|Strong=0871a 40 רֵע רֵעַ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nmod _ Gloss=neighbor|Ref=ZEC_8:10!23|MId=o380080100232|Strong=7453 41 ֵֽהוּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ZEC_8:10!23|MId=o380080100233|Strong=1930a|Type=pronominal 42 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 41 punct _ Ref=ZEC_8:10!23 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | נִֽהְיָה *it happened* | qatal · niphal | שְׂכַר *the wage\[s\]* | | | | | אֲשַׁלַּח *I sent* | yiqtol · piel | | אָדָם *person* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} אֲרֵי קֳדָם מֵיתֵי יוֹמַיָא הָאִינוּן אַגְרָא דֶאֱנָשָׁא לָא הֲוָה וְאַגְרָא דִבְעִירָא לֵיתוֹהִי וּלְנַפְקַיָא וּלְעָלַיָא לֵית שְׁלָמָא מִן מְעִיקָא וַאֲגָרֵי יַת כָּל אֱנָשָׁא גְבַר בְּחַבְרֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [For before those days there was no hire for man, nor any hire for beast; neither was there any peace to him that went out or came in because of the adversary; for I set all men every one against his neighbour.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.110/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEC:107`. - ← previous: [Zechariah 8:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.9/) - next →: [Zechariah 8:11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.11/) - ↑ back to [Zechariah 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/8/)