--- title: Zechariah 8:4 — Thus saith the LORD of hosts: There shall yet old men and old women… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Thus saith the LORD of hosts: There shall yet old men and old women sit in the broad places of Jerusalem, every man with his staff in his hand for very age. Who acts: LORD, old men. Zechariah 8:4 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.4/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zechariah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/) / [chapter 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/8/) / 8:4 # Zechariah 8:4 זְכַרְיָה **Who acts:** LORD, old men · **What happens:** say, sit · **To what, where:** broad places · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Zechariah 8:4 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — LORD, old men — and what happens in the verse to broad places, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 14 chapters of Zechariah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עֹ֤ד יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙ זְקֵנִ֣ים וּזְקֵנ֔וֹת בִּרְחֹב֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְאִ֧ישׁ מִשְׁעַנְתּ֛וֹ בְּיָד֖וֹ מֵרֹ֥ב יָמִֽים׃ [Thus saith the LORD of hosts: There shall yet old men and old women sit in the broad places of Jerusalem, every man with his staff in his hand for very age.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.104/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEC:101 # text = כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עֹ֤ד יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙ זְקֵנִ֣ים וּזְקֵנ֔וֹת בִּרְחֹב֖וֹת יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם וְאִ֧ישׁ מִשְׁעַנְתּ֛וֹ בְּיָד֖וֹ מֵרֹ֥ב יָמִֽים׃ # verse = ZEC.8.4 1 כֹּ֤ה כֹּה ADV _ _ 2 advmod _ Gloss=thus|Ref=ZEC_8:4!1|MId=o380080040011|Strong=3541 2 אָמַר֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 0 root _ Gloss=he.says|Ref=ZEC_8:4!2|MId=o380080040021|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:380080040031;|Type=qatal 3 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 2 nsubj _ Gloss=Yahweh|Ref=ZEC_8:4!3|MId=o380080040031|Strong=3068 4 צְבָא֔וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 3 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ZEC_8:4!4|MId=o380080040041|Strong=6635 5 עֹ֤ד עוֹד ADV _ _ 6 advmod _ Gloss=again|Ref=ZEC_8:4!5|MId=o380080040051|Strong=5750 6 יֵֽשְׁבוּ֙ יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 ccomp _ Gloss=they.will.sit|Ref=ZEC_8:4!6|MId=o380080040061|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:380080040071;380080040082;|Type=yiqtol 7 זְקֵנִ֣ים זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 nsubj _ Gloss=old.[men]|Ref=ZEC_8:4!7|MId=o380080040071|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 8-9 וּזְקֵנ֔וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 9 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_8:4!8|MId=o380080040081|Strong=2050b 9 זְקֵנ֔וֹת זָקֵן ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 7 conj _ Gloss=old.[women]|Ref=ZEC_8:4!8|MId=o380080040082|Strong=2205|Type=adjective 10-11 בִּרְחֹב֖וֹת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ZEC_8:4!9|MId=o380080040091|Strong=0871a 11 רְחֹב֖וֹת רְחֹב NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 6 obl _ Gloss=the.open.places|Ref=ZEC_8:4!9|MId=o380080040092|Strong=7339 12 יְרוּשָׁלִָ֑ם יְרוּשָׁלִַ͏ם PROPN _ _ 11 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Jerusalem|Ref=ZEC_8:4!10|MId=o380080040101|Strong=3389 13-14 וְאִ֧ישׁ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEC_8:4!11|MId=o380080040111|Strong=2050b 14 אִ֧ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 conj _ Gloss=each|Ref=ZEC_8:4!11|MId=o380080040112|Strong=0376 15-16 מִשְׁעַנְתּ֛וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִשְׁעַנְתּ מִשְׁעֶנֶת NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 14 obj _ Gloss=staff|Ref=ZEC_8:4!12|MId=o380080040121|Strong=4938a 16 ֛וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ZEC_8:4!12|MId=o380080040122|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 17-19 בְּיָד֖וֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 בְּ בְּ ADP _ _ 18 case _ Gloss=[will|Ref=ZEC_8:4!13|MId=o380080040131|Strong=0871a 18 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=be]|Ref=ZEC_8:4!13|MId=o380080040132|Strong=3027 19 ֖וֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 18 nmod:poss _ Gloss=in.his.hand|Ref=ZEC_8:4!13|MId=o380080040133|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 20-21 מֵרֹ֥ב _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 21 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ZEC_8:4!14|MId=o380080040141|Strong=4480 21 רֹ֥ב רֹב NOUN _ Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=abundance|Ref=ZEC_8:4!14|MId=o380080040142|Strong=7230 22 יָמִֽים יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.days|Ref=ZEC_8:4!15|MId=o380080040151|Strong=3117|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=ZEC_8:4!15 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | אָמַר *he says* | qatal · qal | יְהוָה *Yahweh* | | | | | יֵֽשְׁבוּ *they will sit* | yiqtol · qal | זְקֵנִים *old \[men\]* + זְקֵנוֹת *old \[women\]* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} כִּדְנַן אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת עוֹד יַתְבוּן סָבִין וְסָבָן בְּשׁוּקֵי יְרוּשְׁלֵם וּגְבַר עוֹבָדוֹהִי תַקְנַיָא יִגְנוּן עֲלוֹהִי מִסִגֵי יוֹמַיָא: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Thus saith the LORD of hosts: There shall yet old men and old women sit in the broad places of Jerusalem, every man with his staff in his hand for very age.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEC.104/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEC:101`. - ← previous: [Zechariah 8:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.3/) - next →: [Zechariah 8:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC.8.5/) - ↑ back to [Zechariah 8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEC/8/)