--- title: Zephaniah 1:1 — THE WORD of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi, the… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: THE WORD of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hezekiah, in the days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah. Who acts: WORD. Zephaniah 1:1 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.1.1/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/1/) / 1:1 # Zephaniah 1:1 צְפַנְיָה **Who acts:** WORD · **What happens:** come, word · **To what, where:** LORD This is Zephaniah 1:1 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — WORD — and what happens in the verse to LORD, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Zephaniah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־צְפַנְיָה֙ בֶּן־כּוּשִׁ֣י בֶן־גְּדַלְיָ֔ה בֶּן־אֲמַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חִזְקִיָּ֑ה בִּימֵ֛י יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹן מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ [THE WORD of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hezekiah, in the days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.0/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEP:0 # text = דְּבַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר הָיָ֗ה אֶל־צְפַנְיָה֙ בֶּן־כּוּשִׁ֣י בֶן־גְּדַלְיָ֔ה בֶּן־אֲמַרְיָ֖ה בֶּן־חִזְקִיָּ֑ה בִּימֵ֛י יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ בֶן־אָמ֖וֹן מֶ֥לֶךְ יְהוּדָֽה׃ # verse = ZEP.1.1 1 דְּבַר־ דָּבָר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=the.word|Ref=ZEP_1:1!1|MId=o360010010011|Strong=1697|SpaceAfter=No 2 יְהוָ֣ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 1 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=ZEP_1:1!2|MId=o360010010021|Strong=3068 3 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 2 punct _ Ref=ZEP_1:1!2 4 אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=which|Ref=ZEP_1:1!3|MId=o360010010031|Strong=0834|Type=relative 5 הָיָ֗ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 7 cop _ Gloss=it.came|Ref=ZEP_1:1!4|MId=o360010010041|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:360010010011;|Type=qatal 6 אֶל־ אֶל ADP _ _ 7 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEP_1:1!5|MId=o360010010051|Strong=0413|SpaceAfter=No 7 צְפַנְיָה֙ צְפַנְיָה PROPN _ _ 1 acl:relcl _ Gloss=Zephaniah|Ref=ZEP_1:1!6|MId=o360010010061|Strong=6846 8 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=ZEP_1:1!7|MId=o360010010071|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 9 כּוּשִׁ֣י כּוּשִׁי PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Cushi|Ref=ZEP_1:1!8|MId=o360010010081|Strong=3570 10 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=ZEP_1:1!9|MId=o360010010091|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 11 גְּדַלְיָ֔ה גְּדַלְיָה PROPN _ _ 10 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Gedaliah|Ref=ZEP_1:1!10|MId=o360010010101|Strong=1436 12 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=ZEP_1:1!11|MId=o360010010111|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 13 אֲמַרְיָ֖ה אֲמַרְיָה PROPN _ _ 12 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Amariah|Ref=ZEP_1:1!12|MId=o360010010121|Strong=0568 14 בֶּן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=ZEP_1:1!13|MId=o360010010131|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 15 חִזְקִיָּ֑ה חִזְקִיָּה PROPN _ _ 14 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Hezekiah|Ref=ZEP_1:1!14|MId=o360010010141|Strong=2396 16-17 בִּימֵ֛י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 17 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ZEP_1:1!15|MId=o360010010151|Strong=0871a 17 ימֵ֛י יוֹם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 7 obl _ Gloss=the.days|Ref=ZEP_1:1!15|MId=o360010010152|Strong=3117 18 יֹאשִׁיָּ֥הוּ יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ PROPN _ _ 17 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Josiah|Ref=ZEP_1:1!16|MId=o360010010161|Strong=2977a 19 בֶן־ בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 appos _ Gloss=the.son|Ref=ZEP_1:1!17|MId=o360010010171|Strong=1121|SpaceAfter=No 20 אָמ֖וֹן אָמוֹן PROPN _ _ 19 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Amon|Ref=ZEP_1:1!18|MId=o360010010181|Strong=0526 21 מֶ֥לֶךְ מֶלֶךְ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 18 appos _ Gloss=the.king|Ref=ZEP_1:1!19|MId=o360010010191|Strong=4428 22 יְהוּדָֽה יְהוּדָה PROPN _ _ 21 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Judah|Ref=ZEP_1:1!20|MId=o360010010201|Strong=3063|SpaceAfter=No 23 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 22 punct _ Ref=ZEP_1:1!20 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - speech: narration - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הָיָה *it came* | qatal · qal | דְּבַר־ *the word* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} פִּתְגַם נְבוּאָה דַהֲוָה קֳדָם יְיָ עִם צְפַנְיָה בַּר כּוּשִׁי בַר גְדַלְיָה בַר אֲמַרְיָה בַּר חִזְקִיָה בְּיוֹמֵי יֹאשִׁיָהוּ בַר אָמוֹן מְלַךְ שִׁבְטָא דְבֵית יְהוּדָה: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [THE WORD of the LORD which came unto Zephaniah the son of Cushi, the son of Gedaliah, the son of Amariah, the son of Hezekiah, in the days of Josiah the son of Amon, king of Judah.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.0/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEP:0`. - ← previous: [Habakkuk 3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/HAB.3.19/) - next →: [Zephaniah 1:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.1.2/) - ↑ back to [Zephaniah 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/1/)