--- title: Zephaniah 2:15 — This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her he… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her heart: 'I am, and there is none else beside me'; how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in! Every one that passeth by her shall hiss, and wag his hand. Who acts: This, joyous city, I, none. Zephaniah 2:15 in He --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.15/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/) / 2:15 # Zephaniah 2:15 צְפַנְיָה **Who acts:** This, joyous city, I, none, Nineveh, beasts · **What happens:** be, dwell, say, become, lie down, pass · **To what, where:** joyous city, heart, desolation, hand · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Zephaniah 2:15 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — This, joyous city, I, none, Nineveh, beasts — and what happens in the verse to joyous city, heart, desolation, hand, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Zephaniah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. זֹ֞֠אתהָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃ס [This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her heart: 'I am, and there is none else beside me'; how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.33/) [Every one that passeth by her shall hiss, and wag his hand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.34/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEP:32 # text = זֹ֞֠אתהָעִ֤יר הָעַלִּיזָה֙ הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת לָבֶ֔טַח הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ אֲנִ֖י וְאַפְסִ֣י ע֑וֹד אֵ֣יךְ ׀ הָיְתָ֣ה לְשַׁמָּ֗ה מַרְבֵּץ֙ לַֽחַיָּ֔ה כֹּ֚ל עוֹבֵ֣ר עָלֶ֔יהָ יִשְׁרֹ֖ק יָנִ֥יעַ יָדֽוֹ׃ס # verse = ZEP.2.15 1-3 זֹ֞֠אתהָעִ֤יר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 זֹ֞֠את זֹאת PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 3 nsubj _ Gloss=this|Ref=ZEP_2:15!1|MId=o360020150011|Strong=2063|Type=demonstrative 2 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 3 det _ Gloss=[is].the|Ref=ZEP_2:15!2|MId=o360020150021|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 3 עִ֤יר עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 0 root _ Gloss=city|Ref=ZEP_2:15!2|MId=o360020150022|Strong=5892 4-5 הָעַלִּיזָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 הָ הַ DET _ PronType=Art 5 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ZEP_2:15!3|MId=o360020150031|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 5 עַלִּיזָה֙ עַלִּיז ADJ _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 amod _ Gloss=exultant|Ref=ZEP_2:15!3|MId=o360020150032|Strong=5947|Type=adjective 6-7 הַיּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 הַ הַ SCONJ _ _ 7 mark _ Gloss=[which]|Ref=ZEP_2:15!4|MId=o360020150041|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 7 יּוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=dwelt|Ref=ZEP_2:15!4|MId=o360020150042|Strong=3427|Frame=A0:360020150022;|Type=participle_active 8-9 לָבֶ֔טַח _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 8 לָ לְ ADP _ _ 9 case _ Gloss=to|Ref=ZEP_2:15!5|MId=o360020150051|Strong=3807a 9 בֶ֔טַח בֶּטַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 7 obl _ Gloss=security|Ref=ZEP_2:15!5|MId=o360020150052|Strong=0983 10-11 הָאֹֽמְרָה֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 הָ הַ SCONJ _ _ 11 mark _ Gloss=[which]|Ref=ZEP_2:15!6|MId=o360020150061|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 11 אֹֽמְרָה֙ אָמַר VERB _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ Gloss=said|Ref=ZEP_2:15!6|MId=o360020150062|Strong=0559|Frame=A0:360020150022;A1:360020150081;360020150092;|Type=participle_active 12-14 בִּלְבָבָ֔הּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 בִּ בְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=in|Ref=ZEP_2:15!7|MId=o360020150071|Strong=0871a 13 לְבָב לֵבָב NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 11 obl _ Gloss=heart|Ref=ZEP_2:15!7|MId=o360020150072|Strong=3824 14 ָ֔הּ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=its|Ref=ZEP_2:15!7|MId=o360020150073|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 15 אֲנִ֖י אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 ccomp _ Gloss=I|Ref=ZEP_2:15!8|MId=o360020150081|Strong=0589|Type=personal 16-18 וְאַפְסִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 17 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEP_2:15!9|MId=o360020150091|Strong=2050b 17 אַפְס אֶפֶס NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 15 conj _ Gloss=only|Ref=ZEP_2:15!9|MId=o360020150092|Strong=0657 18 ִ֣י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ Gloss=I|Ref=ZEP_2:15!9|MId=o360020150093|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 19 ע֑וֹד עוֹד ADV _ _ 17 advmod _ Gloss=[am].yet|Ref=ZEP_2:15!10|MId=o360020150101|Strong=5750 20 אֵ֣יךְ אֵיךְ INTJ _ _ 24 discourse _ Gloss=how!|Ref=ZEP_2:15!11|MId=o360020150111|Strong=0349|Type=interrogative 21 ׀ ׀ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=ZEP_2:15!11 22 הָיְתָ֣ה הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 24 cop _ Gloss=it.has.become|Ref=ZEP_2:15!12|MId=o360020150121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:360020150022;|Type=qatal 23-24 לְשַׁמָּ֗ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 לְ לְ ADP _ _ 24 case _ Gloss=(into).a|Ref=ZEP_2:15!13|MId=o360020150131|Strong=3807a 24 שַׁמָּ֗ה שַׁמָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 3 parataxis _ Gloss=waste|Ref=ZEP_2:15!13|MId=o360020150132|Strong=8047 25 מַרְבֵּץ֙ מַרְבֵּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 24 appos _ Gloss=a.resting.place|Ref=ZEP_2:15!14|MId=o360020150141|Strong=4769 26-28 לַֽחַיָּ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26 לַֽ לְ ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=for|Ref=ZEP_2:15!15|MId=o360020150151|Strong=3807a 27 ה הַ DET _ PronType=Art 28 det _ Gloss=(the)|Ref=ZEP_2:15!15|MId=o360020150151ה|Strong=1886a|Type=definite_article 28 חַיָּ֔ה חַיָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 25 nmod _ Gloss=animal[s]|Ref=ZEP_2:15!15|MId=o360020150152|Strong=2416c 29 כֹּ֚ל כֹּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ Gloss=every|Ref=ZEP_2:15!16|MId=o360020150161|Strong=3605 30 עוֹבֵ֣ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=[one.who].passes.by|Ref=ZEP_2:15!17|MId=o360020150171|Strong=5674|Type=participle_active 31-32 עָלֶ֔יהָ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 31 עָלֶ֔י עַל ADP _ _ 32 case _ Gloss=at|Ref=ZEP_2:15!18|MId=o360020150181|Strong=5921 32 הָ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 30 obl _ Gloss=it|Ref=ZEP_2:15!18|MId=o360020150182|Strong=1886d|Type=pronominal 33 יִשְׁרֹ֖ק שָׁרַק VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.hiss|Ref=ZEP_2:15!19|MId=o360020150191|Strong=8319|Frame=A0:360020150171;|Type=yiqtol 34 יָנִ֥יעַ נוּעַ VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=3 3 parataxis _ Gloss=he.will.shake|Ref=ZEP_2:15!20|MId=o360020150201|Strong=5128|Frame=AA:360020150171;A0:360020150211;|Type=yiqtol 35-36 יָדֽוֹ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 יָד יָד NOUN _ Number=Sing 34 obj _ Gloss=hand|Ref=ZEP_2:15!21|MId=o360020150211|Strong=3027 36 ֽוֹ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ Gloss=his|Ref=ZEP_2:15!21|MId=o360020150212|Strong=2050c|Type=pronominal 37 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=ZEP_2:15!21|SpaceAfter=No 38 ס ס PUNCT _ _ 36 punct _ Ref=ZEP_2:15!21 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: a frame and its quote - negation: no - the frame alone: decl · assert · none | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | יּוֹשֶׁבֶת *dwelt* | participle active · qal | עִיר *city* | | | | | אֹֽמְרָה *said* | participle active · qal | עִיר *city* | אֲנִי *I* + אַפְס *only* | | | | הָיְתָה *it has become* | qatal · qal | עִיר *city* | | | | | יִשְׁרֹק *he will hiss* | yiqtol · qal | עוֹבֵר *\[one who\] passes by* | | | | | יָנִיעַ *he will shake* | yiqtol · hiphil | יָד *hand* | | | עוֹבֵר *\[one who\] passes by* | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} דָא קַרְתָּא תַקִפְתָּא דְיָתְבָא לְרוֹחֲצָן דְאָמְרָה בְּלִבָּהּ אֲנָא וְלֵית בַּר מִנִי עוֹד אֵיכְדֵין הֲוַת לְצָדוּ בֵּית מֵישְׁרֵי חַיְתָא כָּל דִי עֲבַר עֲלָהּ יִכְלֵי וְיָנִיד יְדֵיהּ: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [This is the joyous city that dwelt without care, that said in her heart: 'I am, and there is none else beside me'; how is she become a desolation, a place for beasts to lie down in!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.33/) 2. [Every one that passeth by her shall hiss, and wag his hand.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.34/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEP:32`. - ← previous: [Zephaniah 2:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.14/) - next →: [Zephaniah 3:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.3.1/) - ↑ back to [Zephaniah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/)