--- title: Zephaniah 2:8 — I have heard the taunt of Moab, and the revilings of the children of… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I have heard the taunt of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon, wherewith they have taunted My people, and spoken boastfully concerning their border. Who acts: I, taunt. Zephaniah 2:8 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.8/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/) / 2:8 # Zephaniah 2:8 צְפַנְיָה **Who acts:** I, taunt · **What happens:** hear, taunt, speak · **To what, where:** taunt, people, Moab · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Zephaniah 2:8 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, taunt — and what happens in the verse to taunt, people, Moab, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Zephaniah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ חֶרְפַּ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְגִדּוּפֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵֽרְפוּ֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וַיַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ עַל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃ [I have heard the taunt of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon, wherewith they have taunted My people, and spoken boastfully concerning their border.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.26/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEP:25 # text = שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ חֶרְפַּ֣ת מוֹאָ֔ב וְגִדּוּפֵ֖י בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֑וֹן אֲשֶׁ֤ר חֵֽרְפוּ֙ אֶת־עַמִּ֔י וַיַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ עַל־גְּבוּלָֽם׃ # verse = ZEP.2.8 1 שָׁמַ֙עְתִּי֙ שָׁמַע VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.have.heard|Ref=ZEP_2:8!1|MId=o360020080011|Strong=8085|Frame=A0:360020070141;A1:360020080021;360020080042;|Type=qatal 2 חֶרְפַּ֣ת חֶרְפָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 1 obj _ Gloss=the.reproach|Ref=ZEP_2:8!2|MId=o360020080021|Strong=2781 3 מוֹאָ֔ב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 2 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Moab|Ref=ZEP_2:8!3|MId=o360020080031|Strong=4124 4-5 וְגִדּוּפֵ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 5 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEP_2:8!4|MId=o360020080041|Strong=2050b 5 גִדּוּפֵ֖י גִּדּוּף NOUN _ Number=Plur 2 conj _ Gloss=the.reviling.words|Ref=ZEP_2:8!4|MId=o360020080042|Strong=1421 6 בְּנֵ֣י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.the.people|Ref=ZEP_2:8!5|MId=o360020080051|Strong=1121 7 עַמּ֑וֹן עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=ZEP_2:8!6|MId=o360020080061|Strong=5983 8 אֲשֶׁ֤ר אֲשֶׁר SCONJ _ _ 9 mark _ Gloss=who|Ref=ZEP_2:8!7|MId=o360020080071|Strong=0834|Type=relative 9 חֵֽרְפוּ֙ חָרַף VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=PIEL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 acl:relcl _ Gloss=they.have.reproached|Ref=ZEP_2:8!8|MId=o360020080081|Strong=2778|Frame=A0:360020080031;360020080051;A1:360020080101;|Type=qatal 10 אֶת־ אֵת ADP _ _ 11 case _ Gloss=(et)|Ref=ZEP_2:8!9|MId=o360020080091|Strong=0853|Type=direct_object_marker|SpaceAfter=No 11-12 עַמִּ֔י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 9 obj _ Gloss=people|Ref=ZEP_2:8!10|MId=o360020080101|Strong=5971 12 ִ֔י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ZEP_2:8!10|MId=o360020080102|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 13-14 וַיַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 וַ וְ CCONJ _ _ 14 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEP_2:8!11|MId=o360020080111|Strong=2050b 14 יַּגְדִּ֖ילוּ גָּדַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Plur|Person=3 9 conj _ Gloss=they.have.magnified.themselves|Ref=ZEP_2:8!11|MId=o360020080112|Strong=1431|Frame=A0:360020080031;360020080051;|Type=wayyiqtol 15 עַל־ עַל ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=on|Ref=ZEP_2:8!12|MId=o360020080121|Strong=5921|SpaceAfter=No 16-17 גְּבוּלָֽם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 16 גְּבוּל גְּבוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 14 obl _ Gloss=territory|Ref=ZEP_2:8!13|MId=o360020080131|Strong=1366 17 ָֽם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ZEP_2:8!13|MId=o360020080132|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 18 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 17 punct _ Ref=ZEP_2:8!13 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | שָׁמַעְתִּי *I have heard* | qatal · qal | | חֶרְפַּת *the reproach* + גִדּוּפֵי *the reviling words* | | | | חֵֽרְפוּ *they have reproached* | qatal · piel | מוֹאָב *of Moab* + בְּנֵי *of the people* | עַמּ *people* | | | | יַּגְדִּילוּ *they have magnified themselves* | wayyiqtol · hiphil | מוֹאָב *of Moab* + בְּנֵי *of the people* | | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שְׁמִיעַ קֳדָמַי חִסוּדֵי מוֹאָב וְאִתְרַבְרְבוּת בְּנֵי עַמוֹן דַחֲסִידוּ יַת עַמִי וְאִתְרַבְרְבוּ עַל תְּחוּמְהוֹן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I have heard the taunt of Moab, and the revilings of the children of Ammon, wherewith they have taunted My people, and spoken boastfully concerning their border.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.26/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEP:25`. - ← previous: [Zephaniah 2:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.7/) - next →: [Zephaniah 2:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.9/) - ↑ back to [Zephaniah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/)