--- title: Zephaniah 2:9 — Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Sur… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the breeding-place of nettles, and saltpits, and a desolation, for ever; the residue of My people shall spoil them, and the remnant of My nation shall inherit t --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.9/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/) / 2:9 # Zephaniah 2:9 צְפַנְיָה **Who acts:** I, LORD, Moab, residue, remnant · **What happens:** live, say, be, spoil, inherit · **To what, where:** people · **Speech:** someone speaks in this verse This is Zephaniah 2:9 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, LORD, Moab, residue, remnant — and what happens in the verse to people, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Zephaniah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃ [Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the breeding-place of nettles, and saltpits, and a desolation, for ever; the residue of My people shall spoil them, and the remnant of My nation shall inherit them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.27/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEP:26 # text = לָכֵ֣ן חַי־אָ֡נִי נְאֻם֩ יְהוָ֨ה צְבָא֜וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל כִּֽי־מוֹאָ֞ב כִּסְדֹ֤ם תִּֽהְיֶה֙ וּבְנֵ֤י עַמּוֹן֙ כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה מִמְשַׁ֥ק חָר֛וּל וּמִכְרֵה־מֶ֥לַח וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה עַד־עוֹלָ֑ם שְׁאֵרִ֤ית עַמִּי֙ יְבָזּ֔וּם וְיֶ֥תֶר גּוֹיִ֖י יִנְחָלֽוּם׃ # verse = ZEP.2.9 1-2 לָכֵ֣ן _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 לָ לָכֵן ADP _ _ 2 case _ Gloss=therefore|Ref=ZEP_2:9!1|MId=o360020090011|Strong=3807a 2 כֵ֣ן כֵּן ADV _ _ 0 root _ Gloss=|Ref=ZEP_2:9!1|MId=o360020090012|Strong=3651 3 חַי־ חַי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=[by].the.life|Ref=ZEP_2:9!2|MId=o360020090021|Strong=2416|Type=adjective|SpaceAfter=No 4 אָ֡נִי אֲנִי PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ Gloss=of.me|Ref=ZEP_2:9!3|MId=o360020090031|Strong=0589|Type=personal 5 נְאֻם֩ נְאֻם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 2 parataxis _ Gloss=the.utterance|Ref=ZEP_2:9!4|MId=o360020090041|Strong=5002 6 יְהוָ֨ה יהוה PROPN _ _ 5 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Yahweh|Ref=ZEP_2:9!5|MId=o360020090051|Strong=3068 7 צְבָא֜וֹת צָבָא NOUN _ Number=Plur 6 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.hosts|Ref=ZEP_2:9!6|MId=o360020090061|Strong=6635 8 אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֱלֹהִים NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 appos _ Gloss=the.God|Ref=ZEP_2:9!7|MId=o360020090071|Strong=0430 9 יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל יִשְׂרָאֵל PROPN _ _ 8 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Israel|Ref=ZEP_2:9!8|MId=o360020090081|Strong=3478 10 כִּֽי־ כִּי SCONJ _ _ 13 mark _ Gloss=(dm)|Ref=ZEP_2:9!9|MId=o360020090091|Strong=3588|SpaceAfter=No 11 מוֹאָ֞ב מוֹאָב PROPN _ _ 13 nsubj _ Gloss=Moab|Ref=ZEP_2:9!10|MId=o360020090101|Strong=4124 12-13 כִּסְדֹ֤ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12 כִּ כְּ ADP _ _ 13 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ZEP_2:9!11|MId=o360020090111|Strong=3509a 13 סְדֹ֤ם סְדֹם PROPN _ _ 2 advcl _ Gloss=Sodom|Ref=ZEP_2:9!11|MId=o360020090112|Strong=5467 14 תִּֽהְיֶה֙ הָיָה AUX _ Gender=Fem|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing|Person=3 13 cop _ Gloss=it.will.be|Ref=ZEP_2:9!12|MId=o360020090121|Strong=1961|Frame=A0:360020090101;|Type=yiqtol 15-16 וּבְנֵ֤י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 16 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEP_2:9!13|MId=o360020090131|Strong=2050b 16 בְנֵ֤י בֵּן NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 13 conj _ Gloss=the.people|Ref=ZEP_2:9!13|MId=o360020090132|Strong=1121 17 עַמּוֹן֙ עַמּוֹן PROPN _ _ 16 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.Ammon|Ref=ZEP_2:9!14|MId=o360020090141|Strong=5983 18-19 כַּֽעֲמֹרָ֔ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 כַּֽ כְּ ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=like|Ref=ZEP_2:9!15|MId=o360020090151|Strong=3509a 19 עֲמֹרָ֔ה עֲמֹרָה PROPN _ _ 16 obl _ Gloss=Gomorrah|Ref=ZEP_2:9!15|MId=o360020090152|Strong=6017 20 מִמְשַׁ֥ק מִמְשָׁק NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 13 parataxis _ Gloss=a.place.possessed|Ref=ZEP_2:9!16|MId=o360020090161|Strong=4476 21 חָר֛וּל חָרוּל NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.weed[s]|Ref=ZEP_2:9!17|MId=o360020090171|Strong=2738 22-23 וּמִכְרֵה־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 23 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEP_2:9!18|MId=o360020090181|Strong=2050b 23 מִכְרֵה־ מִכְרֶה NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=a.pit|Ref=ZEP_2:9!18|MId=o360020090182|Strong=4379 24 מֶ֥לַח מֶלַח NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 23 compound:smixut _ Gloss=of.salt|Ref=ZEP_2:9!19|MId=o360020090191|Strong=4417 25-26 וּשְׁמָמָ֖ה _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 וּ וְ CCONJ _ _ 26 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEP_2:9!20|MId=o360020090201|Strong=2050b 26 שְׁמָמָ֖ה שְׁמָמָה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 20 conj _ Gloss=a.waste|Ref=ZEP_2:9!20|MId=o360020090202|Strong=8077 27 עַד־ עַד ADP _ _ 28 case _ Gloss=until|Ref=ZEP_2:9!21|MId=o360020090211|Strong=5704|SpaceAfter=No 28 עוֹלָ֑ם עוֹלָם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 26 nmod _ Gloss=perpetuity|Ref=ZEP_2:9!22|MId=o360020090221|Strong=5769 29 שְׁאֵרִ֤ית שְׁאֵרִית NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Sing 32 nsubj _ Gloss=the.remnant|Ref=ZEP_2:9!23|MId=o360020090231|Strong=7611 30-31 עַמִּי֙ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 30 עַמּ עַם NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 29 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.people|Ref=ZEP_2:9!24|MId=o360020090241|Strong=5971 31 ִי֙ הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ZEP_2:9!24|MId=o360020090242|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 32-33 יְבָזּ֔וּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 32 יְבָזּ֔וּ בָּזַז VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 parataxis _ Gloss=they|Ref=ZEP_2:9!25|MId=o360020090251|Strong=0962|Frame=A0:360020090231;A1:360020090252;|Type=yiqtol 33 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 32 obj _ Gloss=will.plunder.them|Ref=ZEP_2:9!25|MId=o360020090252|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 34-35 וְיֶ֥תֶר _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 34 וְ וְ CCONJ _ _ 38 cc _ Gloss=and|Ref=ZEP_2:9!26|MId=o360020090261|Strong=2050b 35 יֶ֥תֶר יֶתֶר NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ Gloss=the.rest|Ref=ZEP_2:9!26|MId=o360020090262|Strong=3499 36-37 גּוֹיִ֖י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 גּוֹי גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 35 compound:smixut _ Gloss=my.nation|Ref=ZEP_2:9!28|MId=o360020090281|Strong=1471 37 ִ֖י הוּא PRON _ Gender=Com|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ Gloss=my|Ref=ZEP_2:9!28|MId=o360020090282|Strong=2967a|Type=pronominal 38-39 יִנְחָלֽוּם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 38 יִנְחָלֽוּ נָחַל VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 2 conj _ Gloss=they|Ref=ZEP_2:9!29|MId=o360020090291|Strong=5157|Frame=A0:360020090262;A1:360020090292;|Type=yiqtol 39 ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ Gloss=will.take.possession.of.them|Ref=ZEP_2:9!29|MId=o360020090292|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 40 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 39 punct _ Ref=ZEP_2:9!29 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: inside a quote begun earlier - negation: no | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | תִּֽהְיֶה *it will be* | yiqtol · qal | מוֹאָב *Moab* | | | | | יְבָזּוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | שְׁאֵרִית *the remnant* | ם *will plunder them* | | | | יִנְחָלֽוּ *they* | yiqtol · qal | יֶתֶר *the rest* | ם *will take possession of them* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} בְּכֵן קַיָם אֲנָא אֲמַר יְיָ צְבָאוֹת אֱלָהָא דְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲרֵי מוֹאָב כִּסְדוֹם תְּהֵא וּבְנֵי עַמוֹן כַּעֲמוֹרָה מַשְׁמַט מִלוּחִין וּמַחֲפוּרִין דִמְלַח וְצָדוּ עַד עַלְמָא שְׁאָרָא דְעַמִי יִבְזוּנוּנוּן וּשְׁאַר שִׁבְטַיָא יַחְסְנוּנוּן: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [Therefore as I live, saith the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel: Surely Moab shall be as Sodom, and the children of Ammon as Gomorrah, even the breeding-place of nettles, and saltpits, and a desolation, for ever; the residue of My people shall spoil them, and the remnant of My nation shall inherit them.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.27/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEP:26`. - ← previous: [Zephaniah 2:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.8/) - next →: [Zephaniah 2:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.2.10/) - ↑ back to [Zephaniah 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/2/)