--- title: Zephaniah 3:6 — I have cut off nations, their corners are desolate; I have made thei… · Hebrew, tree and pragmatics description: I have cut off nations, their corners are desolate; I have made their streets waste, so that none passeth by; their cities are destroyed, so that there is no man, so that there is no inhabitant. Who acts: I, corners, none. Zephaniah 3:6 in Hebrew with its dependency tree, Targum Jonathan, JPS 1917 a --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.3.6/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Zephaniah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/3/) / 3:6 # Zephaniah 3:6 צְפַנְיָה **Who acts:** I, corners, none · **What happens:** cut off, be, make, pass by, destroy · **To what, where:** nations, streets, cities This is Zephaniah 3:6 from Mova's open Bible corpus, the Tanakh in three languages (Nevi'im — the Prophets). The page gives the verse in Hebrew as the Westminster Leningrad Codex has it, its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, built from MACULA Hebrew — and its pragmatics: who acts — I, corners, none — and what happens in the verse to nations, streets, cities, read clause by clause by Mova's frames. Beside it stand the Aramaic of Targum Jonathan and the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, each English sentence with a tree of its own. It is one of the 3 chapters of Zephaniah on this site, all built by Mova itself from its own trees, with no large model in between. הִכְרַ֣תִּי גוֹיִ֗ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ פִּנּוֹתָ֔ם הֶחֱרַ֥בְתִּי חֽוּצוֹתָ֖ם מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֑ר נִצְדּ֧וּ עָרֵיהֶ֛ם מִבְּלִי־אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ [I have cut off nations, their corners are desolate; I have made their streets waste, so that none passeth by; their cities are destroyed, so that there is no man, so that there is no inhabitant.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.40/) ## The tree {#tree} Right to left, as the Hebrew is read; a prefix or suffix is a word of its own, and a line under the words joins those written as one. Under each word its part of speech and MACULA's English gloss. ```conllu rtl gloss # sent_id = wlc:ZEP:38 # text = הִכְרַ֣תִּי גוֹיִ֗ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ פִּנּוֹתָ֔ם הֶחֱרַ֥בְתִּי חֽוּצוֹתָ֖ם מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֑ר נִצְדּ֧וּ עָרֵיהֶ֛ם מִבְּלִי־אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב׃ # verse = ZEP.3.6 1 הִכְרַ֣תִּי כָּרַת VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 0 root _ Gloss=I.have.cut.off|Ref=ZEP_3:6!1|MId=o360030060011|Strong=3772|Frame=AA:360030050011;A0:360030060021;|Type=qatal 2 גוֹיִ֗ם גּוֹי NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 1 obj _ Gloss=nations|Ref=ZEP_3:6!2|MId=o360030060021|Strong=1471 3 נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ שָׁמֵם VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.are.desolate|Ref=ZEP_3:6!3|MId=o360030060031|Strong=8074|Frame=A1:360030060041;|Type=qatal 4-5 פִּנּוֹתָ֔ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 פִּנּוֹת פִּנָּה NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 3 nsubj _ Gloss=corners|Ref=ZEP_3:6!4|MId=o360030060041|Strong=6438 5 ָ֔ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ZEP_3:6!4|MId=o360030060042|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 6 הֶחֱרַ֥בְתִּי חָרֵב VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=HIPHIL|Number=Sing|Person=1 1 parataxis _ Gloss=I.have.made.desolate|Ref=ZEP_3:6!5|MId=o360030060051|Strong=2717|Frame=AA:360030050011;A0:360030060061;|Type=qatal 7-8 חֽוּצוֹתָ֖ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 חֽוּצוֹת חוּץ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur 6 obj _ Gloss=streets|Ref=ZEP_3:6!6|MId=o360030060061|Strong=2351 8 ָ֖ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ZEP_3:6!6|MId=o360030060062|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 9-10 מִבְּלִ֣י _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 10 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ZEP_3:6!7|MId=o360030060071|Strong=4480 10 בְּלִ֣י בְּלִי ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 6 obl _ Gloss=not|Ref=ZEP_3:6!7|MId=o360030060072|Strong=1097 11 עוֹבֵ֑ר עָבַר VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 10 nsubj _ Gloss=[one.who].passes.by|Ref=ZEP_3:6!8|MId=o360030060081|Strong=5674|Type=participle_active 12 נִצְדּ֧וּ צָדָה VERB _ Gender=Com|HebBinyan=NIPHAL|Number=Plur|Person=3 1 parataxis _ Gloss=they.have.been.laid.waste|Ref=ZEP_3:6!9|MId=o360030060091|Strong=6658a|Frame=A1:360030060101;|Type=qatal 13-14 עָרֵיהֶ֛ם _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13 עָרֵי עִיר NOUN _ Gender=Fem|Number=Plur 12 nsubj _ Gloss=cities|Ref=ZEP_3:6!10|MId=o360030060101|Strong=5892 14 הֶ֛ם הוּא PRON _ Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nmod:poss _ Gloss=their|Ref=ZEP_3:6!10|MId=o360030060102|Strong=3963a|Type=pronominal 15-16 מִבְּלִי־ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15 מִ מִן ADP _ _ 16 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ZEP_3:6!11|MId=o360030060111|Strong=4480 16 בְּלִי־ בְּלִי ADV _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 12 obl _ Gloss=not|Ref=ZEP_3:6!11|MId=o360030060112|Strong=1097 17 אִ֖ישׁ אִישׁ NOUN _ Gender=Masc|Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ Gloss=anyone|Ref=ZEP_3:6!12|MId=o360030060121|Strong=0376 18-19 מֵאֵ֥ין _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 18 מֵ מִן ADP _ _ 19 case _ Gloss=from|Ref=ZEP_3:6!13|MId=o360030060131|Strong=4480 19 אֵ֥ין אַיִן ADV _ _ 16 conj _ Gloss=not|Ref=ZEP_3:6!13|MId=o360030060132|Strong=0369|Type=negative 20 יוֹשֵֽׁב יָשַׁב VERB _ Gender=Masc|HebBinyan=QAL|Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ Gloss=an.inhabitant|Ref=ZEP_3:6!14|MId=o360030060141|Strong=3427|Type=participle_active|SpaceAfter=No 21 ׃ ׃ PUNCT _ _ 20 punct _ Ref=ZEP_3:6!14 ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - speech: speech with no frame - negation: yes | verb | form · stem | who (A0) | what, whom (A1) | to whom, further (A2) | who makes it happen (AA) | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | הִכְרַתִּי *I have cut off* | qatal · hiphil | גוֹיִם *nations* | | | | | נָשַׁמּוּ *they are desolate* | qatal · niphal | | פִּנּוֹת *corners* | | | | הֶחֱרַבְתִּי *I have made desolate* | qatal · hiphil | חֽוּצוֹת *streets* | | | | | נִצְדּוּ *they have been laid waste* | qatal · niphal | | עָרֵי *cities* | | | MACULA's semantic frames: for each verb the head word of each participant. A0 is the one who acts, A1 what the act is done to or is about, A2 a further participant; AA, with a causative verb, the one who makes it happen. ## Targum Jonathan {#onkelos} שֵׁיצֵיתִי עַמְמַיָא אַצְדִיאָה בִּרְנְיָתְהוֹן אַחֲרִיבַית שׁוּקֵיהוֹן מִבְּלִי עָדֵי צְדִיאָה קִרְוֵיהוֹן מִבְּלִי אֱנַשׁ מִבְּלִי יָתֵיב: The Aramaic translation read beside the Hebrew. Text only: Mova has no Aramaic parser yet. ## English, JPS 1917 {#english} Each sentence on its own page, with its tree and pragmatics. A sentence that runs on into the next verse is listed under the verse it begins in. 1. [I have cut off nations, their corners are desolate; I have made their streets waste, so that none passeth by; their cities are destroyed, so that there is no man, so that there is no inhabitant.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ZEP.40/) **Hebrew text:** Westminster Leningrad Codex, public domain. **Tree, glosses and frames:** MACULA Hebrew Linguistic Datasets, available at [github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew](https://github.com/Clear-Bible/macula-hebrew/), [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/); converted to Universal Dependencies by Mova (words in text order, a prefix its own word). **Speech act:** Mova's rules on the MACULA words (`macula prag`). **Targum:** Onkelos (Torat Emet), Jonathan and the Writings (Mikraot Gedolot), from Sefaria, public domain. **English:** JPS 1917, public domain; trees and speech acts by Mova's cycle, frames by Mova's reader (Elamur Cosmic License). Hebrew sentence `wlc:ZEP:38`. - ← previous: [Zephaniah 3:5](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.3.5/) - next →: [Zephaniah 3:7](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP.3.7/) - ↑ back to [Zephaniah 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ZEP/3/)