--- title: 1 Kings 2:44 (JPS 1917) — The king said moreover to Shimei: 'Thou knowest all the wickedness w… · tree and pragmatics description: The king said moreover to Shimei: 'Thou knowest all the wickedness which thy heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father; therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head. Who acts: king, Thou, heart, LORD. 1 Kings 2:44 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmat --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.105/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/2/) / [2:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.44/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 2:44 · JPS 1917 The king said moreover to Shimei: 'Thou knowest all the wickedness which thy heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father; therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head. **Who acts:** king, Thou, heart, LORD · **What happens:** say, know, be, do, return · **To what, where:** Shimei, wickedness, David · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 1 Kings 2:44 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, Thou, heart, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:105 # text = The king said moreover to Shimei: 'Thou knowest all the wickedness which thy heart is privy to, that thou didst to David my father; therefore the LORD shall return thy wickedness upon thine own head. 1 The the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 2 det _ _ 2 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 moreover moreover ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Shimei Shimei PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 7 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 8 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 9 Thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 10 nsubj _ _ 10 knowest know VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 11 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 13 det:predet _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 wickedness wickedness NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 14 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 18 obl _ _ 15 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 16 nmod:poss _ _ 16 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 17 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 cop _ _ 18 privy privy ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 13 acl:relcl _ _ 19 to to ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 21 that that SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 22 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 23 nsubj _ _ 23 didst do VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 acl:relcl _ _ 24 to to ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 26 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 father father NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 appos _ _ 28 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 29 therefore therefore ADV RB _ 33 advmod _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 32 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 33 aux _ _ 33 return return VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 3 parataxis _ _ 34 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 wickedness wickedness NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 36 upon upon ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 thine thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 39 nmod:poss _ _ 38 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: promise - voice: character - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king | | Shimei | | | moreover *property* | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to shimei=Experiencer clause=Topic | | 2 | **know** | present | Thou | all wickedness | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer wickedness=Stimulus | | 3 | **is** | present | thy heart | | | | | to all wickedness; privy *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **do** | past | thou | all wickedness *not said here* | David | | | | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wickedness=Eventuality | | 5 | **return** | shall | the LORD | thy wickedness | | | | upon thine own head; therefore *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wickedness=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־שִׁמְעִ֗י אַתָּ֤ה יָדַ֙עְתָּ֙ אֵ֣ת כָּל־הָרָעָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָדַע֙ לְבָ֣בְךָ֔ אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשִׂ֖יתָ לְדָוִ֣ד אָבִ֑י וְהֵשִׁ֧יב יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־רָעָתְךָ֖ בְּרֹאשֶֽׁךָ׃ [1 Kings 2:44: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.44/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:105` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 2:43 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.104/) - next →: [1 Kings 2:45 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.106/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 2:44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.2.44/)