---
title: 1 Kings 3:21 (JPS 1917) — And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead; but when I had looked well at it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, whom I did bear.' Who acts: I, suck. 1 Kings 3:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 3:21 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead; but when I had looked well at it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, whom I did bear.'

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**Who acts:** I, suck · **What happens:** rise, give, be, look, not be, bear · **To what, where:** suck, child, son

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This is 1 Kings 3:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, suck), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:129
# text = And when I rose in the morning to give my child suck, behold, it was dead; but when I had looked well at it in the morning, behold, it was not my son, whom I did bear.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	advcl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	iobj	_	_
12	suck	suck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
14	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	18	discourse	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	nsubj	_	_
17	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
20	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
21	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	24	mark	_	_
22	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
23	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	_
24	looked	look	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	38	advcl	_	_
25	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	24	advmod	_	_
26	at	at	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	obl	_	_
28	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
32	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	38	discourse	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
34	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
35	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	cop	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	38	advmod	_	_
37	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
40	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	43	obj	_	_
41	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
42	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux	_	_
43	bear	bear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	acl:relcl	_	_
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
45	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise** | past | I |  |  |  | morning |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | suck | my child |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent child=Recipient suck=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | past | suck |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **look** | past · perfect | I |  |  |  | morning | at suck; well *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at it=Theme |
| 5 | **not** **is a** | past | suck | my son |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **bear** | past · do-support | I | my son |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent whom=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וָאָקֻ֥ם בַּבֹּ֛קֶר לְהֵינִ֥יק אֶת־בְּנִ֖י וְהִנֵּה־מֵ֑ת וָאֶתְבּוֹנֵ֤ן אֵלָיו֙ בַּבֹּ֔קֶר וְהִנֵּ֛ה לֹֽא־הָיָ֥ה בְנִ֖י אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָלָֽדְתִּי׃

[1 Kings 3:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:129` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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