---
title: 1 Kings 3:28 (JPS 1917) — And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king; for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do justice. Who acts: Israel, king, women, wisdom. 1 Kings 3:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 3:28 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king; for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do justice.

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**Who acts:** Israel, king, women, wisdom · **What happens:** hear, judge, fear, see, be, do · **To what, where:** judgment, king, justice · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 3:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Israel, king, women, wisdom), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:136
# text = And all Israel heard of the judgment which the king had judged; and they feared the king; for they saw that the wisdom of God was in him, to do justice.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	judged	judge	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	acl:relcl	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	feared	fear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
20	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
21	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	ccomp	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
34	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obj	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | all Israel |  |  |  |  | of the judgment | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of judgment=Stimulus |
| 2 | **judge** | past · perfect | the king | the judgment |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent which=Value |
| 3 | **fear** | past | women *= woman* | the king |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer king=Stimulus |
| 4 | **see** | past | women *= woman* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **is** | past | the wisdom of God |  |  |  |  | in king | tree rules |
| 6 | **do** | to-infinitive | women *= woman* *not said here* | justice |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent justice=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ כָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּשְׁפָּט֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר שָׁפַ֣ט הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ וַיִּֽרְא֖וּ מִפְּנֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ כִּ֣י רָא֔וּ כִּֽי־חָכְמַ֧ת אֱלֹהִ֛ים בְּקִרְבּ֖וֹ לַעֲשׂ֥וֹת מִשְׁפָּֽט׃ס

[1 Kings 3:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.3.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:136` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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