---
title: 1 Kings 5:20 (JPS 1917) — Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Leban… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants; and I will give thee hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt say; for thou knowest that there is not among us any that hath skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians.'
---

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# 1 Kings 5:20 · JPS 1917

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Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants; and I will give thee hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt say; for thou knowest that there is not among us any that hath skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians.'

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**Who acts:** thou, sons, servants, I, any · **What happens:** command, hew, be, give, accord, say · **To what, where:** cedar trees, me, Lebanon, hire, thee, skill · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 5:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, sons, servants, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:176
# text = Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar-trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants; and I will give thee hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt say; for thou knowest that there is not among us any that hath skill to hew timber like unto the Zidonians.'
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	command	command	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	3	nsubj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	hew	hew	VERB	VBP	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	iobj	_	_
9	cedar	cedar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	_
11	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
12	out	out	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
17	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
19	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
20	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	cop	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
27	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
29	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	28	iobj	_	_
30	hire	hire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	for	for	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obl	_	_
34	according	accord	VERB	VBG	ExtPos=ADP|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	36	case	_	_
35	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	fixed	_	_
36	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	28	obl	_	_
37	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	obj	_	_
38	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	nsubj	_	_
39	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	40	aux	_	_
40	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	36	acl:relcl	_	_
41	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	44	punct	_	_
42	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	44	mark	_	_
43	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	44	nsubj	_	_
44	knowest	know	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
45	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	47	mark	_	_
46	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	47	expl	_	_
47	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	ccomp	_	_
48	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	47	advmod	_	_
49	among	among	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	47	obl	_	_
51	any	any	PRON	DT	PronType=Ind	47	nsubj	_	_
52	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	53	nsubj	_	_
53	hath	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	acl:relcl	_	_
54	skill	skill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	obj	_	_
55	to	to	PART	TO	_	56	mark	_	_
56	hew	hew	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	54	acl	_	_
57	timber	timber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	obj	_	_
58	like	like	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
59	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	Zidonians	Zidonian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	56	obl	_	_
62	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
63	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed form=imp, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | infinitive | thou |  |  |  | now | therefore *property* | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hew** | present | sons *= son* | cedar trees | me | Lebanon |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent i=Patient tree=Result |
| 3 | **is** | shall | my servants |  |  |  |  | with thy servants | tree rules |
| 4 | **give** | future | I | hire | thee |  |  | for thy servants; accord all | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent thou=Recipient hire=Theme for servant=Asset |
| 5 | **accord** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn future\_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | shall | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent that=Topic |
| 7 | **know** | present | thou |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 8 | **not** **be** | present | any |  |  | there |  | among us | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among we=Location |
| 9 | **have** | present |  | skill |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent skill=Patient |
| 10 | **hew** | to-infinitive |  | timber |  |  |  | like the Zidonians | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent timber=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְעַתָּ֡ה צַוֵּה֩ וְיִכְרְתוּ־לִ֨י אֲרָזִ֜ים מִן־הַלְּבָנ֗וֹן וַֽעֲבָדַי֙ יִהְי֣וּ עִם־עֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּשְׂכַ֤ר עֲבָדֶ֙יךָ֙ אֶתֵּ֣ן לְךָ֔ כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר תֹּאמֵ֑ר כִּ֣י ׀ אַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֗עְתָּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין בָּ֛נוּ אִ֛ישׁ יֹדֵ֥עַ לִכְרָת־עֵצִ֖ים כַּצִּדֹנִֽים׃

[1 Kings 5:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.5.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:176` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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