---
title: 1 Kings 5:31 (JPS 1917) — And the king commanded, and they quarried great stones, costly stone… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the king commanded, and they quarried great stones, costly stones, to lay the foundation of the house with hewn stone. Who acts: king, kings. 1 Kings 5:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 5:31 · JPS 1917

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And the king commanded, and they quarried great stones, costly stones, to lay the foundation of the house with hewn stone.

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**Who acts:** king, kings · **What happens:** command, quarry, lay, hew · **To what, where:** great stones, foundation · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 1 Kings 5:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:187
# text = And the king commanded, and they quarried great stones, costly stones, to lay the foundation of the house with hewn stone.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	commanded	command	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	quarried	quarry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	costly	costly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	lay	lay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	acl	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	hewn	hew	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	24	amod	_	_
24	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **command** | past | the king |  |  |  |  |  | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **quarry** | past | kings *= king* | great stones and costly stones |  |  |  |  | vn mine-10.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme |
| 3 | **lay** | to-infinitive | kings *= king* *not said here* | the foundation of the house |  |  |  | with hewn stone | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent foundation=Result |
| 4 | **hew** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְצַ֣ו הַמֶּ֡לֶךְ וַיַּסִּעוּ֩ אֲבָנִ֨ים גְּדֹל֜וֹת אֲבָנִ֧ים יְקָר֛וֹת לְיַסֵּ֥ד הַבָּ֖יִת אַבְנֵ֥י גָזִֽית׃

[1 Kings 5:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.5.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:187` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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