---
title: 1 Kings 8:23 (JPS 1917) — and he said: 'O LORD, the God of Israel, there is no God like Thee,… · tree and pragmatics
description: and he said: 'O LORD, the God of Israel, there is no God like Thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath; who keepest covenant and mercy with Thy servants, that walk before Thee with all their heart; Who acts: LORD, God, servants. 1 Kings 8:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics 
---

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# 1 Kings 8:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and he said: 'O LORD, the God of Israel, there is no God like Thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath; who keepest covenant and mercy with Thy servants, that walk before Thee with all their heart;

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**Who acts:** LORD, God, servants · **What happens:** say, be, keep, walk · **To what, where:** heaven, covenant, Thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 8:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, God, servants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:305
# text = and he said: 'O LORD, the God of Israel, there is no God like Thee, in heaven above, or on earth beneath; who keepest covenant and mercy with Thy servants, that walk before Thee with all their heart;
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	_
6	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	7	discourse	_	_
7	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	vocative	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
14	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	15	expl	_	_
15	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
16	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	17	det	_	_
17	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
18	like	like	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	heaven	heaven	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
23	above	above	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
28	beneath	beneath	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	31	punct	_	_
30	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	31	nsubj	_	_
31	keepest	keep	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
32	covenant	covenant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	31	obj	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
34	mercy	mercy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	conj	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	37	nmod:poss	_	_
37	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	31	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
39	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	40	nsubj	_	_
40	walk	walk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	37	acl:relcl	_	_
41	before	before	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	40	obl	_	_
43	with	with	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
44	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	46	det:predet	_	_
45	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	46	nmod:poss	_	_
46	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	obl	_	_
47	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | present | no God like Thee |  |  | heaven or earth; there |  | LORD *vocative* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heaven=Location |
| 3 | **keep** | present | LORD | covenant and mercy |  |  |  | with Thy servants | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Theme |
| 4 | **walk** | present | Thy servants |  |  | Thee |  | with servants's heart | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme before thou=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּאמַ֗ר יְהוָ֞ה אֱלֹהֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֵין־כָּמ֣וֹךָ אֱלֹהִ֔ים בַּשָּׁמַ֣יִם מִמַּ֔עַל וְעַל־הָאָ֖רֶץ מִתָּ֑חַת שֹׁמֵ֤ר הַבְּרִית֙ וְֽהַחֶ֔סֶד לַעֲבָדֶ֕יךָ הַהֹלְכִ֥ים לְפָנֶ֖יךָ בְּכָל־לִבָּֽם׃

[1 Kings 8:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.8.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:305` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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