---
title: 1 Kings 8:31 (JPS 1917) — If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be exacted of him to… · tree and pragmatics
description: If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be exacted of him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before Thine altar in this house; Who acts: man, heaven. 1 Kings 8:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 8:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be exacted of him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before Thine altar in this house;

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, heaven · **What happens:** sin, exact, cause, swear, come · **To what, where:** oath, heaven, house

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 1 Kings 8:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man, heaven), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:313
# text = If a man sin against his neighbour, and an oath be exacted of him to cause him to swear, and he come and swear before Thine altar in this house;
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	sin	sin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	oath	oath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj:pass	_	_
12	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	aux:pass	_	_
13	exacted	exact	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	obl	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	swear	swear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	come	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	swear	swear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	24	conj	_	_
27	before	before	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	Thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	29	nmod:poss	_	_
29	altar	altar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
30	in	in	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	32	det	_	_
32	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
33	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sin** | present | a man |  |  |  |  | against heaven's neighbour | vn rebel-71.2-1-1 «NP V PP.maleficiary»: agent=Agent against neighbour=Maleficiary |
| 2 | **exact** | infinitive · passive |  | a oath |  |  |  | of heaven | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **cause** | to-infinitive |  | heaven |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **swear** | to-infinitive | heaven *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **come** | present | heaven |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **swear** | present | heaven *not said here* |  |  | this house | before Thine altar |  | vn conjecture-29.5 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֵת֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יֶחֱטָ֥א אִישׁ֙ לְרֵעֵ֔הוּ וְנָֽשָׁא־ב֥וֹ אָלָ֖ה לְהַֽאֲלֹת֑וֹ וּבָ֗א אָלָ֛ה לִפְנֵ֥י מִֽזְבַּחֲךָ֖ בַּבַּ֥יִת הַזֶּֽה׃

[1 Kings 8:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.8.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:313` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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