---
title: 1 Kings 9:23 (JPS 1917) — These were the chief officers that were over Solomon's work, five hu… · tree and pragmatics
description: These were the chief officers that were over Solomon's work, five hundred and fifty, who bore rule over the people that wrought in the work. Who acts: These, chief officers, people. 1 Kings 9:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 1 Kings 9:23 · JPS 1917

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These were the chief officers that were over Solomon's work, five hundred and fifty, who bore rule over the people that wrought in the work.

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**Who acts:** These, chief officers, people · **What happens:** be, bear, wrought · **To what, where:** chief officers, work, rule

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This is 1 Kings 9:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (These, chief officers, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:1KI:372
# text = These were the chief officers that were over Solomon's work, five hundred and fifty, who bore rule over the people that wrought in the work.
1	These	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	5	nsubj	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	chief	chief	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
7	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	over	over	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	Solomon	Solomon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	acl:relcl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	nummod	_	_
14	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	appos	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	fifty	fifty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	conj	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
19	bore	bear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
20	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	over	over	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	25	nsubj	_	_
25	wrought	wrought	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	acl:relcl	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | These | the chief officers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the chief officers |  |  | Solomon's work |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **bear** | past | the chief officers | rule |  |  |  | over the people | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |
| 4 | **wrought** | past | the people |  |  | the work |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אֵ֣לֶּה ׀ שָׂרֵ֣י הַנִּצָּבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֤ר עַל־הַמְּלָאכָה֙ לִשְׁלֹמֹ֔ה חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וַחֲמֵ֣שׁ מֵא֑וֹת הָרֹדִ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם הָעֹשִׂ֖ים בַּמְּלָאכָֽה׃

[1 Kings 9:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.9.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:372` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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