--- title: 1 Kings 10:19 (JPS 1917) — There were six steps to the throne, and the top of the throne was ro… · tree and pragmatics description: There were six steps to the throne, and the top of the throne was round behind; and there were arms on either side by the place of the seat, and two lions standing beside the arms. Who acts: six steps, top, arms, two lions. 1 Kings 10:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of eve --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.398/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [1 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI/10/) / [10:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.10.19/) / JPS 1 # 1 Kings 10:19 · JPS 1917 There were six steps to the throne, and the top of the throne was round behind; and there were arms on either side by the place of the seat, and two lions standing beside the arms. **Who acts:** six steps, top, arms, two lions · **What happens:** be, stand · **To what, where:** arms This is 1 Kings 10:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (six steps, top, arms, two lions), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:1KI:398 # text = There were six steps to the throne, and the top of the throne was round behind; and there were arms on either side by the place of the seat, and two lions standing beside the arms. 1 There there PRON EX PronType=Dem 2 expl _ _ 2 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 six six NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 4 nummod _ _ 4 steps step NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 nsubj _ _ 5 to to ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 throne throne NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 top top NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 nsubj _ _ 12 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 throne throne NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 cop _ _ 16 round round ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 2 conj _ _ 17 behind behind ADV RB _ 16 advmod _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 21 expl _ _ 21 were be VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 22 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 nsubj _ _ 23 on on ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 either either DET DT PronType=Ind 25 det _ _ 25 side side NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 by by ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 28 det _ _ 28 place place NOUN NN Number=Sing 21 obl _ _ 29 of of ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 seat seat NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 nmod _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 35 nummod _ _ 35 lions lion NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 36 standing stand VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 35 acl _ _ 37 beside beside ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 arms arm NOUN NNS Number=Plur 36 obl _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **be** | past | six steps | | | there | | to the throne | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **is** | past | the top of the throne | | | | | behind, round *property* | tree rules | | 3 | **be** | past | arms on either side and two lions | | | there | | by the place of the seat | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by place=Location | | 4 | **stand** | gerund | two lions *not said here* | | | the arms | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside arm=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} שֵׁ֧שׁ מַעֲל֣וֹת לַכִּסֵּ֗ה וְרֹאשׁ־עָגֹ֤ל לַכִּסֵּה֙ מֵאַֽחֲרָ֔יו וְיָדֹ֛ת מִזֶּ֥ה וּמִזֶּ֖ה אֶל־מְק֣וֹם הַשָּׁ֑בֶת וּשְׁנַ֣יִם אֲרָי֔וֹת עֹמְדִ֖ים אֵ֥צֶל הַיָּדֽוֹת׃ [1 Kings 10:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.10.19/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:1KI:398` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [1 Kings 10:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.397/) - next →: [1 Kings 10:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/1KI.399/) - ↑ back to [1 Kings 10:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/1KI.10.19/)